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CENTRAL <$> WESTERN 



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A. Resume of the Resources of Four Counties 



ADA, ALTURAS, BOISE AND WASHINGTON 



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Solid facts and actual figures concerning the Climate, 

Mines, Agricultural and Grazing Lands, Topography 

and Scenery. Information for th Q 

HOME-SEEKER. CAPITALIST AND TOURIST 



J«=}BY-(»; 



¥11(111: lAl! dllllfl 



TO WHICH IS ATVDED A COMPI.ETK 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY 



CENTRAL „>» WESTERN 



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A Resume of the Resources of Four Counties 



ADA, ALTURAS, BOISE AND WASHINGTON 



— :o:- 



Solid facts and actual figures concerning the Climate, 

Mines, Agricultural and Grazing Lands, Topography 

and Scenery. Information for the 

HOME-SEEKER, CAPITALIST AND TOURIST 

/ 

TUSil 1411 ©1IIHI 

TO WHICH IS ADDED A COMPLETE 

BUSINESS DIRECTORY 



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BOISE CITY, IDAHO 

STATESMAN PRINT 

1886 






5466 



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irK^-.^l 



PREFACE. 



It has been the aim of the writer to give in the following 
pages a clear, succinct, and above all a trne account of the 
resources, capabilities and advantages of Central and Western 
Idaho. 

As a succes°ful Held for the farmer, horticulturist and 
stock-raiser, Idaho has remained, comparatively speaking, 
unkno'/n in the annals of our country. What notoriety she 
has attained has been called forth almost entirely by her 
mines the great wealth of which has be^n the wonder and 
admiration of the world. Though all other interests and 
advantages have been swallowed up in the mad rush for gold, 
her great superiority for agriculture and stock-raising could 
not long remain in darkness and obscurity, but was destined 
to spring into life and prominence and cast a brilliancy and 
luster on her name more enduring than the evanescent and 
transitory glory of the gold fever. 

I do not speak of the "gold fever" disparagingly, but I 
believe that the steady out-put of the precious metals from 
her mines to-day is conducive to a more uniform and eolid 
prosperity than were the more thrilling times when thousands 
Hocked to the new El Dorado. Beyond a donbt Idaho stands 
to-day not alone ^n th^ richness of her mines, but in a great 
measure on her unrivaled grazing lands, the lavish production 
of the soil, and the excellence and abundance of the fruit and 
vintage. To some these matters have become apparent and they 
are not slow to avail themselves of the benefits so freely 
^ffcred; but thousands have only a dim and hazy idea of what 
Idaho really is in this respect, and for this class of readers 
especially the book was written. Tso one likes to take so 
important a step as to cross a continent with the view of 
making for himself a permanent home without wishing to 



know something of that country toward which he has set his 
face. If this information is placed within his reach he gladly 
seizes and digests it, and is thereby aided in his object, which 
is of course to better his condition. 

I hope to be able — and have had this alone in view — to 
present in the following pages all that an enquiring mind 
could seek to know relative to Central and Western Idaho. 
If I do this in a lucid manner, without exaggeration or pre- 
tense, my object will have been attained. 

VIRGIL E. GREENE. 

Boise City, Idaho, July, 1886. 



CENTRA!/ AND WESTERN IDAHO. 



TOPOGRAPHY. 

The Territory of Idaho has a most beautiful arid varied 
topography. The £reat ranges of the Coenr d' Alene and 
Bitter Root Mountains in the north, the Sawtooth, Salmon 
River, Wood River and Boise in the central portion, and the 
Wasatch and Owyhee Mountains on the south, form a 
mighty labyrinth of all that is grand and picturesque. These, 
with ranges of lesser height form sheltered valleys, which are 
as productive as any in the world. The slopes are heavily 
timbered, and enclose minatnre lakes, valleys, and forest- 
girded parks, while below are the vast plains. 

There are in Idaho 55,000,000 acres classified as follows: 
12,000,000 acres capable of cultivation; 25,000,000 acres of 
pasture and grazing land; the remainder being forests, moun- 
tainous or mineral. The average elevation is about 4,700 
feet, being from 2,000 to 3,000 feet less than that of Wyoming, 
Utah, Nevada, or Colorado. The highest peaks range from 
9,000 to 13,000 feet in height. The lowest altitude is at 
Lewiston, where the Clearwater joins the Snake at an 
elevation of 680 feet. 

The upper or northern part, that is the Coeur d' Alene 
and Bitter Root Mountains, are drained by Clark's Fork and 
Spokane Rivers, both of which are tributary to the Columbia. 
Snake River rising in and around the National Park, bends 
its course in a southwesterl} 7 direction as far as Shoshone 
Falls, where it trends north-west to where the Boise pours in 
its waters. Thence to Lewiston it forms the dividing line 
between Idaho on the east, and Oregon and Washington Ter- 
ritory on the west, running due north. From Lewiston it 
changes its course to west, and pours a vast volume of water 
into the Columbia near Ainsworth, Washington Territory* 



[/EXGTH . 


BREADTH. 


50 miles. 


1 to 2 


miles. 


80 •' 


18 to 25 




60 " 


2 to 6 


1 1 


75 " 


2 to l» 


& * 


40 " 


2 to 5 


( £ 


20 " 


2 to 3 


C I 


10 " 


6 to 8 


C I 


1<» " 


L to 8 


i i 


12 " 


7 to 8 


< ( 


30 " 


6 to 8 


< i 


12 " 


8 


( < 


16 " 


3 to 4 


I i 


10 " 


2 to * 


I < 



6 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

Its course through Idaho and along its border, is about 600 
miles and its total length about 1,000 miles. It is the 
principal feeder of the Columbia. # 

There are thirteen valleys ranging in length from 10 to 
80 miles. The following are the principal valleys in Central 
and Western Idaho: 

NAMES AXD LOCATIONS OF VALLEYS. 

Wood River Valley Central Tdaho. 
Camas Prairie, Central Idaho. 
Boise Valley, Western Idaho. 
Payette Valley, Western Idaho. 
Weiser Valley, Western Idaho. 
Man's Creek, Western Idaho. 
Middle Weiser, Western Idaho. 
Salnbria Valley, Western Idaho. 
Indian " " Western Idaho. 

Council " Western Idaho. 

Little Salmon Meadows, Western Idaho. 
Crane's Creek Valley, Western Idaho. 
Garden Valley, Central idaho. 

The southeastern portion of the Territory is an extension 
of the great sage-brush plains of Nevada, and the south- 
eastern corner forms the end of the sandy, arid, alkaline 
deserts of Utah. The area south of Snake River is about 

one-fourth of the Territory, and is known as Snake River 
Basin or Snake River Plains. 

Thjs plain is about 50 to 75 miles in width and 250 miles 
in length. The aliunde averages a little more than 4,000 
feet, and on all sides the high mountain ranges rise abruptly, 
many of the summits towering to an elevation of 10,000 or 
12,000 feet above the sea level. 

If one were elevated above the country in a balloon he 
would look down uron a rich and vaiied landscape. The 

Territory would appear like a vast wedge shape plateau. 
Valleys would meet the gaze lying like jewels between great 
mountains, watered by lakes and threads of silvery streams, 
many cultivated until hardlv a foot of ground remains with- 
out its waving grain or garden produce. In places the valleys 
would be seen to merge into deep canons, and dark and 
gloomy gorges, with huge rocks of vari-colored hues down 
which hissing, troubled streams roar and run swift races. 

The eye would see changes in every direction — now a 
vale, now a forest; here a lake and again rounded hills on 
which numerous herds would be feeding in pleasing tran- 



CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 



quility. There would be Arctic regions and others like 
Italy; great banks of snow and bright green pastures. In 
fact from an elevation it would be seen at once that Idaho is 
singularly varied'; grand and yet beautiful; rugged and yet 
subdued; arid yet fertile; a net work of mountains, valleys, 
plains, and parks, from over, and among which, run or nestle, 
clear streams, wide rivers, and picturesque lakes. 

The air would vibrate too with the hum of induptrj-; the 
puff of the locomotive would be heard as it penetrated the 
wild gorges of the. mountains or toiled in the valleys; the 
factories and smelting works would break the stillners with 
their busy activity, and in the higher fastnesses men would be 
at work digging precious treasures from their long seclusion. 



CLIMATE. 

It would prove an easy matter to write up this feature, 
and make exaggerated and unsustained assertions, but it is the 
aim in this work to present substantial facts in this connection 
as well as in all others, and we believe that without resorting 
to falsehood or fabrication, we can establish the assertion, that 
Idaho has the healthiest climate on the xVmerican Continent, 
In the choice of climate there are certain health-giving 
factors which may be summed up as equability of 'temperature, 
purify' of atmosphere, and comparative dryness. These 
healthful agencies are all combined in the climate of Idaho. 
From the almost tropical luxuriance of the lower valleys, to 
the snow-capped summits of the lofty mountains, Idaho offers 
a variety of climate suited to the demands of all. The air is 
very pure, and almost always cool, bracing, and rarified 
enough to act as a constant stimulant to the system. This 
softly tempered, balmy air, coming over long reaches of sun- 
lit plain, vast slopes of pine forests, laden in summer with 
the perfume of a million flowers, tones and invigorates the 



8 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

invalid while it seldom chills him. It fills the chest with a 
sense of freedom and touches the cheek with the tenderness of 
a caress. 

Owing to the purity of the atmosphere many of the 
diseases common to the lower altitudes are unknown, and 
there is no ailment peculiar to this district. Idaho is sought 
by invalids from all parts of the United States who hail it as a 
bourne of safety from the insiduons advance of disease, and 
the salubrious and invigorating effect of the pure air, together 
with the curative properties of the numerous thermal springs, 
generally effect a marked improvement, and in many cases a 
radical cure. There is never that enervating heat in summer 
experienced by residents of the Eastern States — when every 
.faculty is absorbed in the all important question — u How shall 
I keep cool?" Although the mercury will sometimes rise to 
95 or 100 deg. in the shade, the people go about their usual 
occupations without noticing the heat. The cause of this 
seeming inconoruitv is verv obvious — the air is so drv that 
the perspiration is carried rapidly away, leaving the body 
cool and refreshed. 

"Boise City in laltitude 43 deg 37 min., says Mr. Onder- 
donk, at an- elevation of 2,800 feet has a mean temperature of 
51 deg ; 12 deg. below zero is exceptionally cold, and 105 
deg. above zero exceptionally 7 warm. It should be borne in 
mind, however, that there is a difference in effect equal to 
about 20 (leg. between the temperature of a dry, rarified 
atmosphere, like that of Idaho, and the moist penetrating 
atmosphere of the Atlantic Coast; that is, a temperature of 
105 deg. in Idaho is not felt to any greater extent than that 
of 85 deg. in New York; or 12 deg. below zero in Idaho is 
not felt more perceptibly than 8 deg. above zero on the At- 
lantic Coast." 

The influence of climate upon agriculture, stock-raising, or • 
mere personal comfort is sufficiently important, but its effect 
upon health is paramount to every other consideration. 
According to the official report of the Surgeon General of 
the United States Army the percentages of deaths from 
disease to each 1,000 soldiers in the different military districts 



CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 



of the Union are as follows, the result having been the average 
of four years: 

T Cin A T TTTTTC DEATHS EACH YEAB 

L0CALI1IES. FB0M D1SEA8E 

Atlantic Coast out of each 1,000 men 17.83 

Arizona " " '* " 12.11 

Pennsylvania & Michigan " ' " 6.05 

New Mexico out ol each " " 7.77 

California *• " " " 6.88 

Montana " " " " 562 

Dakota " " " " 4.76 

Wyoming " " " " 4.71 

Idaho " " " " 4.66 

The Gulf States make a worse showing than the Atlantic 
States, and Idaho shows the smallest ratio of mortality of any 
locality in the Union. It will be noted that the troops of the 
United States Army are subjected to exactly the same con- 
dition and surroundings and have the same habits every 
where more nearly than any other class of people. Their 
food, clothing, medical attendance, and places of abode are 
nearer identically the same wherever they go; consequently 
comparing the ratio of mortality among them in these different 
regioi.s enables us to obtain a more correct estimate of the 
actual healthful ness of each region than could possibi} 7 be ob- 
tained in any other way. 

The average temperature of the four seasons may be 
summed up as follows: 52 deg. in the Spring, 73 deg. in the 
Summer, 53 d<g. in the Autumn and 34 deg. in the Winter. 
Stock is seldom fed or sheltered, living through the winter on 
bunch-grass and white sage. According to the report of the 
U. S. Surgeon General the annual i*ain fall south of the Snake 
River is about fifteen inches increasing gradually north of 
that point. The Summer is always dry from June to 
September, and often till October, insuring to the farmer a 
harvest and threshing season tor securing his grain. Like all 
other portions of the Pacific Coast, a few hundred feet of in- 
creased altitude gives much lower t< n perature, so that people 
need only go a few miles during the war nest weather to enjoy 
the pure, cold mountain air. In the valleys, however, the 

nights are sufficiently cool during the summer to insure re- 
freshing sleep. With a climate to suit the most exacting taste, 
shown by official statistics to be the most healthful in the 



1 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

world, where epidemic and. endemic diseases are almost un- 
known, whose dry and antiseptic qualities preclude many of 
the diseases incident to the moist regions of the Eastern 
States, it is no wonder that the people of Idaho feel a pride in 
what has been so lavishly bestowed by nature. 

The winters are generally short and mild, the cold is not 
piercing, chilling one to the very marrow and rendering 
travel out of the question. The month of February generally 
witnesses the breaking up of winter. Usually a "chinook" 
(coast wind) blowing very softly at first, but steadily, and with 
gradually increasing velocity, opens the season. The wind will 
sometimes last twenty-four hours, the thermometer rises to 
about 55 deg. and the snow and ice rapidly disappear. To 
one who has never witnessed the action of a "chinook" wind 
on the snow it is a marvelous sight. The streams may be fast- 
locked in icy fetters, the landscape one dazzling expanse of 
snow, the air filled with nipping frost, but if a u chinook" has 
any business in that quarter it don't hesitate on the order of 
its coming, but comes at once, and in a few hours knocks that 
winter scene so far along into spring that one would hardly 
recognize it. The following is the record of the United 
States Signal Service Station located at Boise City, Idaho, for 
the vear 1885: 



Annual temperature 52 deg. Fh. 

No . of days the mercury rose above 90 deg 24 

Days on which the mercury fell below 32 deg *9 

No of days on which the maximum temperature was below 32 deg 20 

Total annual precipitation (including rain, dew, fog and melted snow 

sleet, hail and frost.) - 12. 5G inches. 

Which was distributed as follows: — 

January 1.50 

February 2.29 " 

March 03 " 

April 09 " 

May 3.14 " 

June 1.08 " 

July " .23 " 

August 09 " 

September 39 " 

October R8 " 

November 2.0"! 

December 1 . 07 

Number of clear days 174 

" " fair days 124 

" " cloudy days . . • 67 

Days in which .01 inch rain or melted snow fell K 2 

The absolute range in temperature was from 8 deg. below zero (on January 1st,) 
to 99 deg. above (on June2Sth.) 



CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 11 



NATURAL SCENERY. 



The scenic features of Idaho are not to be enjoyed from 
the windows of a railway coach. The Oregon Short Line 
passes through the most forbidding, barren and desolate part 
of the Territory; and to one looking out upon the apparently 
interminable stretches of sagebrush messa, the country would 
seem devoid alike of scenic beauty, or refreshing verdancy. 
The monotony of the olive-gray plain is unbroken, and the 
wearied eye longs for a bit of green on which to rest itself. 
But away from the track of the shrieking locomotive, where 
the impress of progress is not stamped, in the mountain 
solitudes and along mysterious rivers, the traveler will meet 
with scenes calculated to inspire his warmest enthusiasm. 



SHOSHONE FALLS. 

Five years ago. while the w r riter with a party of four, was 
on a prospecting tour on South Boise River, it w r as determined 
to prospect the bars of Snake River from Shoshone Falls to a 
point opposite Boise Citv. In a letter to a f'r'end, at the 
time, I described the great falls, and the letter having been 
preserved, I insert it here without any alteration or revision 
whatever : 

Towards ?> o'clock on the afternoon of July 19th, we 
were tediously wending our way across the great lava fields in 
the direction of Snake River. Saddle-horses, pack-animals, 
and men, were worn and jaded with toil and dust, and 
enervated by the merciless rays of the fiery July sun. 

The iests and badinage that had chaiacterized the 
earlier hours of our march had ceased, and silence, broken 



12 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

only by the tramp of our horses' ieet, on. the hard basalt, or 
the scream of some vagrant curlew as he winged a distant 
flight, had fallen on the party. Suddenly a sound striking in 
its nature, resonant, deep and thunder-toned in quality, ar- 
rested our attention. I said thunder-toned, but it was like 
distant thunder, but of wonderful power, for on pausing we 
could almost feel the vibrations of the earth, seemingly rising 
and falling like the regular pulsations of a mighty heart. 
Then one of the party shouted, "the falls !" And at the 
words fatigue and ennui dropped from us like a mantle; every 
face was animated with a lively interest, every form rose erect 
in saddle, and each eye glanced with anxious expectancy at 
the monotonous wastes ahead. Far in the distance the olive- 
gray of the plain was broken by an irregular dark line, now 
plainly visible, rising in sharp, distinct profile, and again sink- 
ing below the. visual line to re-appear further on. This was 
the southern wall of the great canon that marks the sinuous 
course of the Snake. We hastened forward, and from a dizzy 
height looked down on a strange, wild, desolate, yet fascinating 
scene. We were standing on the brink of an almost circular 
basin a mile in diameter and surrounded except where the 
river had forced a passage with perpendicular walls of rock 
a thousand feet from base to crest. 

The foot of this Titanic wall was nearly on a level with 
the river, and huge fiagments of lava, loosened from above by 
the frosts of ages, lay in vast heaps at the base. The broad, 
solemn stream showed many modulations of colors, so beauti- 
fully blended, or so strangely contrasted, as to be ravishingly 
artistic. At a point where a large block of lava cast a 
shadow on the water, the stream was a beautiful Azof green, 
and where the sun-light line met the shadow, it was ever 
changing, from green to blue, from blue to olive, from olive to 
gold. At another point a broad sweep of the river was myrtle, 
green touched here and there by bars of sun-light, that looked 
like patines of pure gold inlaid with curious emerald. Again 
where the river dashed madly against an obstructing rock the 
spume-flakes, shot in the air and a tiny rainbow, aureola-like, 
rested over the angry waters. 



CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 13 

The force of the stream is greatly augmented as it ap- 
proaches the" falls; great rocks appear black and gleaming, 
against which the waters dash themselves with impotent fury. 
Further on the river rushes over cascades of three to four feet 
in height, until with a roar more deafening than the din of 
battle, and with a force as irresistible as the shock of an 
earthquake, it takes the leap of 210 feet. Immediately above 
the falls the river is 1,500 feet wid.e and from 10 to 20 feet in 
depth. There is no vegetation, unless we call the few dwarfed 
and twisted junipers vegetation, though they scarcely deserve 
the name; and even this meager verdancy only serves to 
emphasize the desolate barrenness. But under the shadows 
of the over-hanging cliffs below, ferns and grasses grow in 
tropical luxuriance, and the rocks are covered with frond-like 
forms of lichen. The river drops vertically into a broad deep 
basin, comparatively tranquil and smooth, looking far more 
like a placid lake than an impetuous river. A misty veil 
obscures the fall, but, from time to time, this is lifted by the 
passing breeze revealing a broad white sheet of foam. 

The noise, the turmoil and strife of the clashing waters, 
echoed and re-echoed from the canon walls, is almost mad- 
dening in its volume and monotony and the feeling; is intensi- 
lied by strange and unaccountable sounds welling up like the 
shrieks and groans of Dante's lost souls. 

The Twin Falls are three miles from Shoshone Falls. 
The river is here divided into two nearly equal parts by a 
huge rocky island, and the waters of one branch plunge over a 
shelf of basalt a distance of 170 feet, falling nearly vertically, 
while the descent of the other is not so abrupt. 

The admiration these scenes inspire, does not lie in 
brilliant coloring, or pleasing forms, but rather on their ab- 
sence. The awe-inspiring solemnity; the wilj grandeur; the 
dead barrenness; all of these combined, lend to the scene a 
fascination peculiarly its own. 

Shoshone Falls are reached by stage from the town of 
Shoshone, twenty-five miles distant, on the Oregon Short 
Line Kail road. A large hotel for the accommodation of the 
tourist, wnll be opened to the public on July 1st, 1886. 



14 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 



PAYETTE LAKE. 

This is a most beautiful sheet of water, situated' at the 
source of Payette River, in Boise County. Irs dimensions are 
ten miles long and five miles wide. The mountains surround- 
ing it are heavily timbered and abound in game, such as bear, 
deer, elk, grouse and pheasant. Water-fowl are numerous, 
and disciples of Izaak Walton will find plenty of red-fish, 
white-fish and trout in the lake The lake is reached by a 

good wagon road from Boise City, from which it is distant 
ninety miles. It is rapidly becoming a summer resort for 
pleasure-seekers of Boise Valley, and it cooling breezes, beauti- 
ful scenery, and an abundance of game and fish go to make 
up the sum total of a summer paradise, they will be found at 
Payette Lake. The depth of the water is unknown, it having 
been sounded an half-mile without finding bottom. 



LAKE TAHOMA 

Is situated far up among the craggy peaks of the Sawtooth 
range, at an altitude of 8,000 feet. It forms an idyllic picture. 
The rugged peaks, bristling with evergreen pine and fir rise 
abruptly from the water's edge, fifteen hundred feet, and are 
sharply profiled against the sky. 

The waters, clear as crystal, and of unknown depth, 
abound in fish of many varieties. 

Volumes might be written about the entrancing scenerv 
of Idaho, and the subject would still be fresh and captivating. 

The artist in the coming time who shall faithfully depict 
the sylvan lakes of Idaho; the wild gorges and canons; the 
royal pine canopies; the hurculeaii firs; the every varying tints 
of the velvety chaparral, and the wild throe-built water- 
quarried rocks, with their myriad flowers and fern, will be 
rewarded bv the homage of a world. 



CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 



15 



FARMING. 

A new era is dawning on Idaho. Hitherto she has been 
looked upon by the outside world a.« a great mineral belt, 
from which came startling and almost fabulous reports 
concerning the gold and silver productions. As a rule, these re- 
ports have not been exaggerated; the mines are undoubtedly rich 
and extensive, but other resources, of equal importance, are 
demanding attention, and among these farming and stock- 
raising are destined to play an important part. The farming 
industry is first to be considered. About 12,000,000 acres of 
land in Idaho are open to cultivation. Of this not one acre in 
forty is being farmed, or has ever been taken up. The 

latest obtainable reoort on farm areas and farm values is 

i 

found in the census of 1880. The figures, of course, have 
greatly increased since that time, but assuming that they have 
twice doubled, it only shows more clearly what an insignificant 
portion of the farming lands are being utilized: 



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Ada 

Alturas . . . 

Boise 

Washington 

Total 



256 
90 

64 



62 842 

919 

4,444 



149 13,846 



800,475 

28, 950 : 

116,050; 

198,650i 



84, 545] 522, 264 

3,225 11,8701 

12,710 71,079! 

24,680 2 7,812 



42,400j 
l,68*i 

5,681; 
14,390 



5 ,t >9 
34,550 

97,624 
IP, 318 



559 82,051 1,144,125 125.16'* 863/25 64,1 57 1 760,301 



With the exception of what is know as "the river 
bottom." all of the land has to be irrigated, and produces 
abundantly all kinds of cereals and roots, while every variety 



16 . CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

of fruit, known to this latitude, can be found growing, where 
a few years ago a barren plain, except for the sage-brush 
growing there, presented an unsightly and forbidding picture. 
The most remarkable feature in farming here, is the uniformity 
of the farm products, the yield from year to year being nearly 
the same. This is owing in a great measure to irrigation, the 
crops not being subjected to alternate drought and drowing, as 
is too often the case where the rainfall is depended upon, Jt 
is in this particular espeeiall} T , that the farmers here have the 
advantage of those in many parts of the Eastern States. 

There is no uncertainty incident to opening a farm in 
this section, for the cash returns are positively sure. It is a 
common occurrence for men to open farms on wild land, and 
raise enough produce the first summer to build tneir houses, 
fence their places, and maintain their families until the fol- 
lowing harvest time. To prove how profitable the industry 
actually is, I will cite a hona fide case or two, of men who 
have made for themselves homes in Idaho, I do not feel 
justified in making any statements in this connection, unless 
the circumstances have really come under my own personal 
observation. 

A gentleman from Ohio arrived in Idaho, in the latter 
part of August, bringing with him his wife and five children,, 
the eldest, a lad of sixteen. His resources were $65, in cash, 
four horses and harness for them, and two wagons. His 
liabilities were, that his family would starve unless he rustled. 
He rustled. He got a job for himself and boy hauling 
lumber from a saw-mill to town, cleared $50 and killed a 
horse. About this time he settled on a hundred and sixty- 
acre tract of sage-brush land, sold his odd horse and extra 
harness and wagon, and scraped together money enough to 
build a small frame house and provide food for his family for 
some time. During the winter he worked hauling wood, hay 
and ice, and was busy all the time. On March first he had 
$175, cash; this lie invested in seed and a plow, and that sum- 
mer raised 2,140 bushels of wheat, worth at that time one dollar 
per bushel. This was eight years ago. To day he has a tine 
dwelling, large and comfortable out-buildings, a farm well 



CJSNTKAL AND WESTEKN IDAHO. 17 



fenced, five hundred head of hordes and cattle, and his debts 
ran be canceled with a fifty dollar greenback.- One mure 
instance in point will suffice: A -young married man who was 
a clerk in a large .dry goods house in St. Louis, wa* afflicted 
with incipient consumption, and had been advi>ed by his 
physician to seek a borne in the pure, dry atmosphere of one 
of t lie territories, with a view ot" arresting the full de- 
velopment of the disease, with which he was threatened. His 
choice fell on Idaho. Unfortunately for him ! e arrived in 
1881, when the excitement of the Wood River mines was at 
its height. Evtry man had his pocket full of "galena" from 
his '"strike," which he would exhibit with all tbe sang froid of 
a future millionaire. Fortunes were made every day by the 
sale of "prospects." Was it any wonder our St. Louis friend 
caught the fever — not the varioloid type, but the full grown- 
three ply all-wool and a yard-wide kind. He had with him 
$1,500. One thousand dollars of this he invested in a 

'•wild-cat" claim, and it pinched out on him in less than a 
week. That ended his mining experience. He had no further 
desire to become; a bloated mining king, so be folded his tent, 
metaphorically speaking, and a week later found him in one of 
the valleys on a farm, which he In d rented on shares. He 
worked hard the following summer, and after his crop was 
sold, and all his debts paid, he had $1,200 in cash, but $200 of 
this was the remains of his original capital. He next bought 
forty acres of sage-brush land, paying therefor $400, and com- 
menced an orchard, planting the iit>t year twenty acres of 
apple trees and farming the rest. The next season he set out 
the balance of his land in peach, pear, plum and cherry trees, 
and the whole is now a thiifty and bearing orchard, which 
can not be bought for $10,000. The net cash received for his 
fruit in 1885, was a little over $2,500. and these figures will 
be more than doubled this season, as some of the trees were 
too young to bear- well. He is at the present writing, a hearty 
and vigorous man, not a vestige of his old malady remaining. 
It is useless to multiply evidence of chis kind, and the above 
have only been used to show what perseverance and pluck 
can do in the far west. 



18 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

Land never wears out here. If anything it gets better 
from year to year, if properly handled. Farms have been 
constantly cropped for the last fifteen or twenty years, that are 
to-day producing as abundantly as they did when first brought 
under cultivation, and during this time not a pound of barn- 
yard compost has been added to the soil. This is in exact 
contra distinction of farming elsewhere, and it may be said 
that no soil can have its fertilizing principles absorbed and 
carried away, year after }'ear, and still remain as fertile and 
productive as ever; which is an eminently true and safe asser- 
tion. But the reason the land of Idaho retains these qualities, 
is because the fertilizing agents? are added to the soil by irri- 
gation, which deposits quantities of silt that is better than the 
richest manure The small grains all do well. Wheat pro- 
duces heavier grain than in any other State or Territory. 
Three hundred and twenty bushels of wheat were weighed, 
each bushel separately as it came from the threshing machine, 
the whole averaging sixty six pounds per bushel. This was 
not a choice lot, but the ordinary run of the wheat stacks in 
the yard. Idaho compared with other localities takes the 
lead, as the following official figures prove. The table gives 
the yield per acre: 





Wheat. 


Rye. 


Oats. 


Barley. 


Potatoes . 


Corn 


Idaho. 


30 


25 


55 


40 


250 


35 


Nevada. 


12 


40 


31 


40 


95 


30 


California. 


17 


15 


30 


23 


114 


34 


Oregon . 


21 


14 


31 


23 


95 


33 


Eastern States 


13 


15 


31 


23 


69 


26 



All crops of small grain are usually planted in the month 
of February, which is of great advantage to the farmer. It 
not only prevents him from being pushed with work in the 
spring, but leaves him free to do all kinds of odd jobs, such as 
gardening, pruning, etc., which at, the most would only he 
half done if he were pushed with work of mo re importance. 
With a farmer once ahead of his work, he is ahead to the end 
of the season, and the grain sown in February is readv tor the 
sickle two or three weeks before that sown in the spring. Be 



CENTRAL AND WEBTEKN IDAHO. 19 

sides this, the February crops do not require as much irriga- 
tion, and generally produce heavier grain, and more of it to 
the acre. 

The snow-fall in the valleys being generally very light, 
it does not afford sufficient protection from the frosts to the 
fall sown grain, and it sometimes "winter kills." For this 
reason fall wheat is not raised to any great extent. Bh'gh' is 
almost unknown — once in a great while a head f smut w! t 
or a little rust is found, but not enough to create the 
uneasiness. There has never been a visitation of gras h p 
pers or other pests, and of course there is a perfect immunity 
from drought, or anything approaching it. 



IRRIGATION. 

New-comers to the North-west look upon irrigation as a 
great hardship. On the contrary, the farmers have 

learned to appreciate the great advantages of a systematic and 
judicious application of water; not alone because it is absolutely 
necessary to insure a crop, but it puts new life and vigor into 
the soil. A* gentleman who has had many years experience 
in the construction of ditches and in irrigation, says; "as a rule 
gentle flooding is the only way to successfully irrigate our 
lands, except what is known as river bottom land." It used 
to be thought that all the fertilizing properties of the soil 
were carried by the water to the lower fields, and consequently 
impoverished the upper part, but quite to the contrary ; it is 
proved by experience that the land nearest the head ditches 
are most benefitted. The theory is, that the first lands reached 
by the water, receives the richest deposit of the fertilizing 
qualities held in solution, or otherwise mixed with the water, 
and that as it flows and deposits this, it also absorbs any 
alkaline matter in its course. Several systems of in igati< n 
are in use, and all have their champions, but many eoiiditi* ns 
conspire to render a different mode, necessary for different 
localities. What would be perfectly efficient, and would just 
fill the bill on one farm, or section of the country, could not be 



20 CENTRAL. AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

applied successfully to another, but to a casual observer 
would appear the same, and would actually embody the same 
principles, though differently applied. Perfect drainage is an 
essential point and must be adhered to, for scalding is traceable 
to no other cause than allowing the water to stand. Too 
copious flooding has its drawback; not only tending to uproot 
the grain when young and with insufficient roots, but also to 
lodge it in any stage after it passes from the boot. The 
amount of water to be used for different growths is a point of 
nice distinction w T ith the irrigator. Of all the domestic 
meadow grasses timothy will probably bear and requires more 
water than any other, while alfalfa, after the third year re- 
quires the least. Red clover and red top should be well 
watered, but not so much as timothy. In irrigating the 
cereals it has been found that wheat and oats need nearly 
double the quantity of water required for barley, and rye 
will mature without any artificial irrigation whatever, if sown 
in the fall. Potatoes will be blighted with water-rot if 

kept too wet, while beans and corn will grow well with a 
minimum amount of moisture. It is impossible, and utterlv 
out of the question to irrigate a field thoroughly, unless it is 
something near a level. The Chinese who have no equals in 
the world, in gardening, if we except the Italians, recognize this- 
fact as of paramount importance, and their first care is to see 
that the ground is uniformly even. With the facilities offered 
by the improved levelers, the accomplishment of this proves an 
easy task, compared to the old method of useing the scraper and 
shovel. 



DESERT LANDS. 

What is termed desert land occupies a large portion of the 
arable area of the Territory. The name is generally applied 



CENTRAL AJSTD WESlHEJRN IDAHO. 2 I 

to the broad plateaus or table lands, which are covered with 
sage-brush, where long level gray stretches apparently in- 
terminable reach out until'the earth and sky meet at the hazy 
horizon. Its sterility is positively forbidding. It would seem 
to one unacquainted with the history of sage-brush land that 
an attempt to reclaim it from its wild barrenness to a state of 
fertility, would be only "vanity and vexation of spirit." 
Looking at it thus, in its wild state, it presents anything but 
an inviting prospect to the farmer or horticulturist. The 
plateaus seen from an elevation appear to the eye like perfectly 
level stretches of country, but it is ascertained that there is a 
descent towards the water-courses of about twenty-live feet to 
the mile. The surface is seamed with little gulches, and the 
whole is more rolling and undulating than plain-like. The 
general character of the soil is extremely rich. The 
accumulation of sage-mould has been going on for ages, the 
ground is mellow and has all the principles required for suc- 
cessful agriculture. With the aid of irrigation, the desert in 
truth, blossoms as the rose, and the best farms in the north- 
west were once sterile sage-plains. The sage-brush soil is 
specially adapted to the cultivation. of all kinds of grain, the 
warmth of the earth and mellowness of the soil always 
warranting an abundant yield when w T ell watered. Some of 
the finest orchards in the Territory are grown on sage-brush 
land, and I believe I can say without fear of successful con- 
tradiction, that Idaho produces the finest flavored fruit of 
any other locality on the Pacific Coast — California not ex- 
cepted. The soil is porous, and for the first two or three 
years requires a generous share of irrigation, but it soon be- 
comes less absorptive, owing to the amount of silt that lodges 
in every crevice and pore, not only rendering less irrigation 
necessary, but at the same time adding a most valuable fer- 
tilizer to the soil. In the work of reclaiming desert land, 
there is but one thing to be considered, and that is, water. 
Therefore, when that one obstacle is surmounted, the Rubicon 
is passed, and successful farming is just as sure as two and 
two make four. When we consider the amount of labor ex- 
pended by our fore-fathers in opening a farm in "the states," 



22? CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

cutting down acres of trees — though they had fun enough at 
."log-roll ins'," and pulling up tenacious burr-oak stumps, the 
reclamation of desert land pales into insignificance in comparison. 
Mr. Strahbrn says, that "sage brush lands, naturally the ver} r 
emblem of sterility and desolation are, in a few years turned 
into the finest fruit farms, with less trouble than attends a 
similar transformation, on the wild prairies of Iowa or 
Nebraska." It is a fact beyond question also, that this class 
of soil will produce hops in great perfection and abundance^ 
and the day is not far distant when the Snake River Basin 
will turn off vast quantities of this staple of commerce. In 
fact, with irrigation, the land willl produce anything grown in 
this latitude. The creeks that flow from the adjacent 
mountains are numerous, but under the intense rays of the 
summer sun, they dwindle to mere rivulets before reaching the 
rivers. In spring they are rushing torrents, swollen by the 
rain and melting snow, but when most needed by the farmer 
for irrigation, they afford only a very small quantity of water; 
therefore, the only resource is to project canals from the 
larger streams. The Idaho Mining and Irrigation Canal 
Company is now constructing a ditch that will reclaim 600.000 
acres of this land between Boise and Snake Rivers. The 
Phyllis Canal Company is also at work on a canal, that will 
reclaim between 300,000 and 400,000 acres, lying west of Boise 
City. In Washington County, the Weiser Water Company, 
have a ditch seventeen and one quarter miles in length, carry- 
ing sufficient water to irrigate 12.000 acres. In Payette 
Yalley, two large canals take water from the Payette River, 
covering therewith 40,000 acres, which makes over a million 
acres irrigated by these canals alone, and there are dozens of 
others, constructed by individual capital, with a capacity for 
watering from 1,000 to 10,000 acres each. It will be readily 
seen from the above, that an unequaled opening is here offered 
to the home-seeker, as only a small part of the land here 
mentioned has been settled ; but with each passing month the 
field narrows, and the intending settler should make an early 
appearance, or the choice locations will be taken. When we 
consider the case with which the land is cleared, and made 



CENTRAL AND WE8TEKN IDAHO. 23 

ready for farming, the richness of the soil, and the small ex- 
pense attendant on the erection of a dwelling, we are safe to 
assert that no other country can offer to the emigrant such in- 
ducements as Central and Western Idaho. 



FRUIT. 

Twenty years ago, probably there was not a bearing fruit 
tree in Idaho, but since that time it has been demonstrated be- 
yond the shadow of doubt, that the country will produce fruit, 
equaled by few localities in quantity, and surpassed by none 
in quality. The fruits of California are known the world 
over for their excellence, but those of Idaho surpass them in 
delicacy of flavor, taking; preceden-e in the market, and com- 
manding a better price wherever known. All kinds, excepting 
the purely tropical, are grown to a state of unequaled per- 
fection. Apples, peaches, pears, plums, apricots, prunes, 
cherries, all the varieties of the grape, and all kinds of berries 
are to be seen growing in the greatest profusion. It is often 
the case that the trees become so prolific that they cannot sus- 
tain the weight of their own production, but the flavor is in 
no wise impaired by the super-abundant fertility. Idaho 
fruit-growers have command of a better market than is 
possible to many other localities, located as it is, in the center 
of a great mining region. The mining towns are usually in 
the most rugged mountains, at too great an altitude for fruit 
culture, and they naturally look to the valleys to supply this 
demand. The amount of fruit shipped in 1885 by Boise 
Yalley alone, to different points in Montana Territory and 
elsewhere, has been estimated to have reached 1,600 000 
pounds. The fruit here is never pestered with worms, and 
dry-rot is scarcely known. The dried-fruit industry is fast 



24 CENTRAL AND WE8TEKN IDAHO. 

assuming gigantic proportions; several canneries do a driving 
business, while quantities of cider and vinegar are manufact- 
ured and find ready sale, both at home and abroad. 



STOCK RAISING. 

Stock raising is said to pay well in any part of the United 
States Even in those localities where cattle have to be 

sheltered and fed five or six months each year, it is followed 
to advantage. What, then, must be the profit where they 

neither require shelter or hay during the winter months, and 
where the range is practically unlimited ? 12,000,000 acres 
of pasture land is the amount offered by Idaho to the stock- 
growers. Every hill and mountain side is a pasture, luxuriant 
with the must nutritious grass, where during the summer 
season, or more properly speaking, from May until December? 
^stock thrive and fatten for the markets of the world. Bunch- 
grass grows freely, and is the staple feed of the hills. It has 
a thick mass of long, slender blades, next the ground, from 
which rise a dozen to thirty stems, tipped with a waving 
seed-top, resembling the domestic oat; this is filled with 
peculiarly rich and fattening properties, and is eagerly de- 
voured by all cattle. Streams and springs of the purest 
crystal water abound in every gulch and ravine, little groves 
of quaking-asp, choke-cherry, and willow, furnish shade during 
the summer heat, and shelter from the storms of early spring 
and fall. Here through the long summer, secure and un- 
molested, stock remain, until frequent rain storms in the fall, 
warn the watchful and ever-ready stock-men, that the grass on 
the plains has sprung to life, and freshness, and that the range 
where his cattle have summered, will soon be covered with 
drifting snow. Then the fall ki round-up" or w, rodeos" takes 
place. This is a time of excitement, jollity, and good-fellow- 



CENTRAL AND WE8TEBJS IDAHO. 25 

ship. All the stock-men and "cow-boys," in a certain radius, 
meet at a place appointed, and proceed to gather all cattle, old 
and young, of every brand, from the hills to a central point. 
Here the festive "cow-boy" is in his element, for the "cutting- 
out," branding, and marking, gives him an opportunity to dis- 
play his horsemanship and daring. Each man cuts out, or 
selects from the herd, the animals belonging to him, marking 
and branding all new additions. The "rounding up" business 
generally lasts from a month to six weeks, and occurs semi- 
annually, in the fall and spring. At the end of the fall 
round-up, the cattle are driven to the phiins to winter, re- 
quiring no further attention until spring, when another rodeo 
takes place, and they are moved to the hills for the summer. 

Snake River Basin has less snow-fall than any other 
portion of the Territory, and it furnishes to innumerable cattle 
a warm winter range, with an abundance of white-sage, bunch, 
and sand grass for ford. While snow in the mountain 
ranges falls to a depth of from one to a dozen feet, according 
to altitude, nine winters in ten, the snow fall in Snake River 
Basin will not exceed from three to four inches, and only lies 
on the ground a few days at a time. In summer the Basin 
furnishes no nutriment whatever to cattle, being parched and 
dried by the sun, until it presents to the eye a gray and arid 
desert, with no vegetable growth but the sprangly sage-brush, 
and no animal, life, save the prowling cayote or panting 
lizard. Between the traveller and the distant horizon, 
wavering lines of heat rise, trembling and throbbing, as if the 
earth were resolving itself into vapory shadows under the fiery 
rays of the sun. No object breaks the monotonous gray of 
the level sweep, save where ever and anon, a black irregular 
line of lava is sharply silhouetted against the sky. This 
briefly describes Snake River Plains in summer. But with 
the first rain of autumn, the whole aspect of the scene changes: 
dust, the accumulation of months, is washed from the sage; 
tufts of bunch and sand grass spring up green and flourishing; 
herds of cattle and troops of deer, that have been summering 
in the cool vales of the adjacent mountains, wander across the 
plains to their accustomed winter quarters; the sleeping echoes 



26 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

are awakened by the lusty shouts of the "cow-boy" or the 
sharp, whip-like crack of the hunter's riiie, and the scenes of 
desolation and solitude suddenly bursts into life, activity and 
adventure. 

From the border along the south-western part of the Ter- 
ritory, south of Snake River, and extending in an easterly 
direction around the. sweeping bend of that stream, for 250 
miles, is an immense tract of winter range, as yet comparatively 
unsettled. A number of herds, ranging from five hundred 
to three thousand head, have wintered there for the last fifteen 
years, and have always come out fat in the spring, without 
having been fed a pound of hay. This section, and indeed 
nearly all that vast country, known as Snake River Basin, will 
forever remain the undisputed domain of the cattle-men. The 
character of the country is such that only a comparatively 
small portion can be utilized for agriculture. There is very 
little bunch-grass in the Basin, but the country is covered with 
a thich growth of white-sage, which stock-men aver is much 
superior. 

To the uninitiated, the word white-sage is perhaps a 
mystery, and a description of its growth will not be out of 
place. There are several varieties of sage, indigenous to this 
country. But, as we do not lay claim to botanical learning, 
we shall speak of them only as they are known to the north- 
western stock-raiser. The v/hite-sa^e grows to a height of 
six inches to a foot, and resembles in shape somewhat, a 
stunted poplar tree. The leaves are abruptly pinnated, 
and are covered with a soft white down, resembling the fluff 
of a peach. It takes its name, as might be inferred, from 
its color, but strictly speaking, is not white, but ashen gray. 
It lies in vast tracts, thousands of acres in extent, and regarded 
from a distance, it appears indeed snow-white. All stock 
devour it with avidity, and those who are best qualified to 
know, assert that it can not be surpassed for feed by the finest 
cured hay. As it grows in those lacalities where compara- 
tively little snow falls, cattle feeding on it, keep in good 
condition all winter. The foliage has a sweet, pleasant taste, 
not unlike the pith of a corn-stalk. Another variety, which 



CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 97 

is the most numerous of any, for it is to be found covering 
the vast plains of the north-west, like a Liliputian forest, is 
known as black sage. Mark Twain, says: u if the reader can 
imagine a gnarled and venerable oak tree reduced to a little 
shrub two or three feet in height, with its rough bark; its 
foliage; its twisted boughs, all complete, he can picture the 
sage-brush exactly." Cattle eat it sparingly. The grease- 
wood, scientifically known as flowering certelucia, grows to a 
height of from three to four feet, and is covered with setiform 
prickles. Stock devour only the young shoots. White- 
sage, grease-wood, and black-sage, are habitat of the plains 
only, and are not to be found in the mountain districts. 

The drive from the summer to the winter range is short, 
beinjj at the most not m^re than sixty or seventy miles — 
often much less. It is not unusual for some old cow, that 
has been chosen as leader by her companions, by reason of her 
age and sagacity, to strike out for winter quarters as soon as 
the wind blows cold in the fall, followed by the wdiole herd, 
and exhibiting an amount of forethought and precaution, 
often lacking in the human species. With the first warm 
days of early spiing, the "poison" makes its appearance. It is 
fatal only for a few weeks, or when young. We find a great 
diversity of opinion among stock-men as to what poison really 
is. According to some, it is wild parsnip, and by others it 
is designated as larkspur, and there are yet other plants to 
which the poisonous quality is attributed. We are inclined 
to the opinion that it is fools parsely, botanical ly known as 
Aethura cynopium, as its effects on cattle are identical with 
that produced on man, by that plant. However this may be, 
the fact remains that by whatever name the "poison" should 
be called, it is a. source of no little uneasiness to the herder. 
It grows to a height of an inch or two, long before any other 
green thing starts from the chilled earth, and being young, 
tender, and juicy, the cattle eat it greedily, and unless the 
cow-boy is at hand to bleed them, sometimes proves fatal. 
But all danger is avoided by driving the cattle into the hills, 
for although the plant is found growing thickly on the plains, 
there is none on the higher ranges. Therefore, where a 



28 OEWTKAL AND WESTEKN IDAHO. 

little watchfulness and judgment is exercised, fatal poisoning is 
very rare. 

The price at which cattle can be bought on the range, 
varies, and depends much on the season of the year. Cattle 
can always be purchased in the fall cheaper than at any other 
time, for obvious reasons. Bargains are to be had in buying 
"a brand'" and where a herd is taken as "they come," the 
price is very reasonable. Three-y ear-old heifers on the 

range sell for $30 to $35, good milch cows $40 to $50, and 
the price of beeves fluctuates with the market. 



HORSES. 

American horses were brought to Idaho by the early 
emigration, and from these have sprung a large number of 
bands, now roaming the wild pastures. The short, rugged 
Indian pony has been bred with the American stock, to such 
an extent that he has nearly lost his identity, and the 
"cayuse" is fast becoming the exception, instead of the rule a» 
formerly. For endurance the "cayuse" is probably the 

chief among all eq nines, with the sole exception of his 
cousin, the Mexican mustang, and the infusion of American 
blood into his veins has lent him size, speed, and strength, 
while his original grit and suppleness is retained. It is 
the aim of horse-growers, to raise only animals that command, 
a ready sale in the Eastern markets, and for this purpose, 
horses about twelve hundred pounds weight, are preferable, 
as they come nearer filling the bill, for general utility, than 
any other. The market, though of course, subject to 

fluctuation, is always good, and Idaho horses iind a ready 
sale. They require no more attention on the range than 
horned cattle, and are herded and "rounded-up" in much the 
same manner. The principal difference is, a three-year- 
old beef driven in wild, from the range, can be put 
on the cars, and in a week be on the butcher's block in 



OENTKAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 29 

Chicago, or some other eastern city, while the three-year- 
old colt must be well "broke" before he can be sold at all. 
However, this is more than counter- balanced by the difference in 
price. 

Some horse growers make a practice of winter feeding, 
and others drive to the low ranges. While the former mode has 
the recommendation of being by odds the surest, it is somewhat 
more expensive. In some parts of the territory, winter 
feeding is necessary, but as a rule range can be found where 
horses winter themselves, near enough to warrant driving, 
rather than have the trouble and expense of mowing and 
stacking the wild hay. Stock-men tell me, though how true 
it is I am not prepared to say, that horses raised entirely in 
the hills, and allowed to run wild and free from any restraint, 
until they are three or four years old, prove to be more rugged 
and enduring, have more "bottom" and "staying qualities," 
than those reared in a domestic state. 



SHEEP. 

Sheep raising will necessarily form an important factor 
in the future stock-raising of this country, and that without 
infringing on the territory allowed the cattle-grower. So far 
as summer and winter ranges are concerned, the sheep are 
driven from one to another, in the same manner as other 
cattle. I have been told that it costs about ninety cents to 
raise a sheep on the range, that his wool is worth on an 
average of $1.50, and he can then be sold for from $1.50 to 
$2.00. 

The facilities offered by the immense range, ^he mild 
winters, and the ease with which the largest herds can be 
manipulated, lends a charm to the busines, which the sheep- 



CJ&NT.KAJL, ANO WiiSTEKK IDAHO. 



raiser can not but appreciate. Unfortunately the late 
statistics concerning this branch of industry, can not be 
procured, and although the live-stock report of 1880 will be 
found in its place, in this chapter, and contains the facts up to 
that date, it falls far short of what the figures should be now. 

It will be seen on reference to the table, that the total 
number of sheep in the four counties, was 4,716, and that the 
clip yielded 15,921 pounds. We know of one firm of 
sheep raisers, whose clip in 1885, reached 100,000 "pounds, 
which serves to illustrate the speed with which the business is 
advancing. All that the most exacting herder can demand 

is at hand to facilitate the progress of the industry, and the 
table only serves to bring forth more prominently, the 
comparatively insignificant amount of sheep now in Idaho, to 
what the country is capable of supporting. In a word, the 
industry is in its infancy. 

There is always a greater mortality among sheep when 
exposed to the rigor? of a severe winter, than among any other 
cattle. Not so much, because they are physically incapable 
of withstanding cold, but because the storms demoralize them, 
and they either stand immovable through fear, and perish of 
hunger, or art; driven before the blast to certain destruction. 
I lay it down as an undisputed truth, that Idaho enjoys the 
mildest winters of anv state or territorv, between the Sierras 
on the west, and the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and per 
consequence offers to the sheep-raiser, a securer field on this 
score, than any other locality. Another great advantage is, 

that the sheep will turn oft' cleaner wool, there being no burs 
on the range. The clip, therefore, is not docked by buyers. 
The cost of shearing is six or seven cents per head, and 
Merino and Leicester produce more wool than any other 
breeds, the ileece averaging six and one half pounds per 
head, which is worth from fifteen cents to twenty cents a 
pound. Southdowns are the best for mutton. In con- 
clusion, I would say to those who may contemplate entering 
the business of sheep-raising, "Now is your time." The 
field is narrowing each year, and for those who commence at 
once, a golden harvest can confidently be predicted. 



(JENTKAL AJNID WESTEKN IDAHO. 31 



HOGS. 

In certain parts of the territory wild roots grow that are 
excellent feed for hogs. Camas, which the Indians dry and 
use for food, grows in most of the valleys, and this the hogs 
eat it with avidity. Another root, called kouse, (though 

whence the name is a mystery,) grows very thickly in some 
of the highest valleys and foot hills. Fat hogs are worth 
four cents to seven cents per pound gross, and are sure of a 
market. 



THOROUGH-BREDS. 

In the introduction of thoroughbreds, Idaho is well up to 
the front. When stock raising was in its infancy, the finest 

strains of Kentucky blue blood, were imported at great 
expense, and in a great measure it is to those early shipments, 
we owe the almost physical perfection of our stock to-day. 
As a result of this move, a gradual improvement w T as 
perceptible, until finally, the clean limbs, capacious chest, 
thin nostrils, and the eve of slumbering fire and ambition 
marked the consummation of the breeders' hopes, and the fulfill 
ment of the prophecy that, t; blood will tell." Idaho seems 
specially adapted to the raising of speedy horses. Numerous 
cases can be mentioned where horses raised here have won 
fame on the turf, and been sold for almost fabulous prices, but 
it is beyond the province of this article to give more than a 
cursory outline of the industry. We have the finest blood 
that money can purchase; the clean-limbed Hambletonians, in 
all their pride of fleetness and beauty; the ponderous, brawny, 
and puissant Clydesdale or Norman; and the intermediate 



32 



CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 



roadster, with his swift untiring pace, are to be found on every 
hand to delight the fancier, the admirer of equine beauty, or 
the stickler for utility. 

Nine-tenths ot the live stock of the territory are what 
might be termed range-cattle, which includes horses, sheep, 
and horned cattle. There are no official figures latter than 
those of 1880, which are given below; but approximating the 
estimates of three prominent cattle-growers, we get the 
following result as to the number of cattle in the four 



counties: 

Ada County, - 

Alturas " - - - - 

Boise " - - - - 

Washington County, - - - 

The figures are written only after careful inquiry, and 
they are, if anything, rather below than above the actual 
number. 

The following is the table given by the census of 1880: 



30,000. 

50,000. 
20,000. 
25,000. 



LIVE-STOCK. 


o 

Cm 

© 

GO 

a 
o 


DAIRY PRODUCTS. 


a 

M 

H 
O 

o 


m 

£1 
00 
H 

O 

w 

o 
u 

93 

1 


00 

© 
oo 
oa 

< 

C 

cj 

00 

3 

«m 

C 

u 

© 

a 


c 

03 
X 

O 

&c 

c 

u 
o 

cm 
O 

H 
CD 

a 

pi 


oa 

o 

© 

NM 

%■ 

u 

© 

a 


© 

OS 

H 

© 

o • 

Cm 
© 
H 

ea 

a 

S5 


ft 

CD 

s 
,a 
co 

cm 

O 

M 

a) 

,© 

a 


© 
% 

CO 

Cm 

U 
© 
,© 

a 


1 

Cm 
O 

00 

© 


N 

© 

rj 

M 

Cm 

© 

CO 

© 


© 

00 

© 
Q 

Cm 

© 
OS 



O 


Ada 

Alturas . , 

Boise 

Washington. 


4,904 
181 
589 

2.596 


148 
33 
36 
40 


112 
10 

7 
40 


2,204 
166 
331 
839 


20,367 
593 

1,689 
3,098 


4,525 

102 

89 


3,171 

55 

846 

3,438 


14, 9-0 

5f0 
521 

15,921 


112 

SCO 


69,482 

1.150 

1 ',160 

16,217 


1,69) 
5J0 


Total,. . 


8,270 


27 


169 


3, r 40 


25,747 


4,716 


7,310 


912 


97,0 9 


2,190 



It is impossible to fix a limit, or even to form an 
estimate, of the future livestock productions. The field is 
so extensive, the natural advantages so great, that to all who 
come with the intention of investing in the business, we can 
say, conscientiously, an unsurpassed territory awaits you. 



CKNTKAL, AND WK8TKKN IDAHO. 33 



MINING. 

This has alwavs been, and still is, the source of more 
revenue to the territory than any other of her many resources. 
It is mining that lias given to the territory the world-wide 
renown, which she now enjoys, and it is to the mines we owe 
the introduction of large foreign capital, and the erection, 
and maintenance of industries that give employment to 
hundreds of artisans and laborers. It was the adventurous 
spirit of the hardy prospector that led him within our 
borders, where his most sanguine expectations, and wildest 
dreams, were realized in the abundant wealth he unearthed 
from the everlasting hills. In the early days quartz mining 
attracted little or no attention, and, although vast ledges 
were known to exist, the difficulty of transporting machinery 
through the mountain fastnesses was considered so great, that 
it received hardly a second thought. Indeed, when the 
free gold was strewn so lavishly through the earth, when it 
could he seen shilling in the yellow sand of the mountain 
brooks, and paid as high as $100 per day to the man, we can 
hardly wonder that the slower, and more difficult process of 
extracting it from quartz was not practiced. Therefore it 
w r as only the placer mines that were worked. The earliest, 
ard most pri (native method of separating the gold from the 
gravel, through which it was sprinkled, w r as by the "cradle" or 
"rocker." And, although a rough and uncouth piece of 
machinery, it nevertheless embodied all the principles, and 
essential requirements, though necessarily in a lesser degree, 
of the more speedy and powerful system of hydraulics in use 
at the present day. The "cradle" is an oblong box, between 
four and five feet in length, mounted on a pair of transverse 
rockers, and furnished with a set of graded sieves, laid in tiers, 
"riffles," amalgamated plates, and blankets, for the separation 
of gold from the gravel, in its descent from the hopper to the 
outlet at the lower end. The various stages of developement, 
from the puny cradle up to the irresistible power now used in 



34 CENTRAL AJMi) WESTERN IDAHO. 

hydraulics, to tear down mountain sides, was accomplished by 
easy grades. The description of the "long torn," "slucing," 
and "ground slucing," each representing a different period in 
mining history, would not, we belie/e, prove of interest to the 
general reader. • 



PLACER MINES. 

Two distinct classes of auriferous gravel occur in Idaho. 
In the bars of Snake River the gold is of the kind known as 
flour gold, and is in a state of extreme division. There are 

many rich placers, and they were either deposited by the 
present stream during freshets, or left by a comparatively 
small shifting of the channel. 

The character is quite different in the mines of Boise 
Basin, and the gold very much coarser. The gravels are 
shown to great advantage in the hydraulic mines. The upper 
stratum, for a depth of from ten to one hundred feet, is loose 
and friable, and of a rusty color, which is caused, no doubt, by 
oxidation of iron pyrites, of which the lower stratification is 
full. The process of oxidation is no doubt facilitated by the 
percolation of surface water through the gravel. The lower 
stratum of gravel is dense, well cemented, coarser, and of a 
bluish color. Owing to this latter feature it is called by 
miners "blue gravel," and because of the greater proportion of 
gold found in it, the term "pay dirt," is applied to it. 
Occasionally a stratum of pipe clay will intrude between the 
upper and lower strata of gravel, and a layer of gravel varying 
in thickness, almost invariably overlies everything. The 
gravel deposit is sometimes rich in vegetable fossils and 
curious petrifications. 

Clarence Xing, U. S. Special Agent of Statistics and 
Technology, says, "the gravels of Boise Basin are estimated to 



CENTRAL AND WE8TKKN IDAHO. 35 

cover thirty square miles, to a depth of 12 feet." The pay 
dirt is commonly near the bed-ruck of these beds, as is usual 
elsewhere. 

There is in Boise Basin seventeen different lines of ditch, 
and the total length of the ditch-plant, including flumes, is 281 
miles. Of this, Mr. Ben Wilson, of Pioneer, owns 120 
miles, Mr. Plowman 16J- miles, Stevenson, Noble & Co. ll-J 
miles, the remaining amount being divided among smaller 
companies. The principal placer mines have saw-mills in 
connection, and manufacture all their lumber. That of Mr. 
Wilson has a capacity of 5,000 feet per day. . Both day and 
night shifts are worked during the season. The length of 

the mining season, or the months during which water is 
supplied, varies with different localities. At Stevenson & 

Noble's mine it is from May lsr to Sept. 3rd, at Wilson's 
mines in Pioneer, from April 15th to Nov. 1st. 

Little Giant hydraulics are used, and it is said one 
efficient man with a giant equals one hundred men with picks 
and shovels for ground si uei ng. 

For some time the enterprise of constructing a bed-rock 
flume to spcnre the immense quantity of gold in the bed of 
More's Creek, and its bars, has been discussed, and capital 
alone is lacking to carry out the scheme. The bed of More 
Creek, and Elk Creek, for a distance of seven miles, with an 
average width of 600 feet and a depth of 12 feet, contains the 
tailings, which the lowest estimate says contains more than 
$11,000,000, besides $100,000 worth of quick-silver. The 
people of Boise Valley are naturally opposed to a bed rock 
flume in More's Creek, fearing the devastating effects that 
followed the deposit of slickens on the farming land of Yuba, 
Feather, Bear and America Rivers in California. It is 
rather a complicated question. It involves the rights of one 
person, so to manage his property as to damage, or destroy 
that of his neighbor. It involves the rights of one or more 

CD c* 

of the industrial classes to say, that an industry which was 
originated under and has been fostered by the laws of the 
Territory and the nation, shall no longer exist. It involves 
the rights of the territory to interfere in the prosecution of a 



36 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

calling, lawfully carried on under rights and privileges derived 
from the Federal Government, or to interfere with the 
operations of an individual, or corporation, holding letters 
patent of the United States to the land, to do with it as they 
please. It involves the support of a large and industrious 
population in the mono tains and in the valleys: and it may 
involve the question of public health, so far as it relates to the 
valley, towns, and settlements. However, it is not likely 

that an industry which gives a large percentage of the gold 
product of the territory, will be suppressed because engineering 
skill has not yet devised, or put in operation, means to 
neutralize or overcome the evil it creates. Millions of 
dollars have been taken from the placer mines of Boise 
Basin, and millions more yet remain to be exhumed. 

Snake River Placers. — It is only within the last ten 
years that the gold fields of Snake River have attracted any 
wide-spread interest. A few rich bars have, from time to 
time, been worked by cradle, where the gold was found 
coarse enough to be saved in that way, but, aside from this,, 
the mining operations have been very limited. For adistance 
of several hundred miles from Eagle Rock, Idah«, down 
Snake River, the bars and banks of this stream will, at almost 
any point, show a "prospect" of several hundred colors to the 
pan, but of such extreme granular fineness, so fiakey and 
light, that the gold is often seen floating on the water in the 
pan. Its extremely small size is what makes it so difficult 
to separate from the gravel. Its assay, fineness, is 900 to 
960. The gold seems to be equally distributed over a great 
area, that was once the bed of a mighty river, and gold is 
found at the grass roots, as well as at any lower depth. The 
pay dirt in different localities is from 15 to 100 feet thick, and 
extends back from the river, in some places, a distance of 
several miles. The amount of gold in a cubic yard of 
this gravel, varies considerably with the different mines, one 
company finds it to be forty-two cents, another twenty-seven 
cents, and still another twenty cents. Amalgamated plates 
are generally used to catch the gold, and in this way from 
eighty to eighty-five per cent, is saved. 



CENTRAL AND WUSTKKN IDAHO. 37 

There is nowhere in the United States a body of mining 
ground so large, where the gold is so uniformly distributed as 
it is in the Snake River placer fields, and, with improved 
facilities, the mines will pay handsomely when the babies of 
1886 are hoary with age. 



QUARTZ MINES. 

In Boise County, a great mineral belt begins with Gold 
Hill,, and extends through the county a distance of forty 
miles. Twenty-eight miles north-west of Idaho City is the 

Banner District. It is very rich, and has been turning out 

bullion for a number of years. The principle mines are 

owned by the Elmira Company, and are six in number, viz: — 
Crown Point, Wolverine, Banner, Idaho, Star of the West, 
and Washoe. In the first two of these, the ore assays as 

high as 6,000 ounces, and averages 70 ounces. The company 
have in connection with the mines, a twenty-stamp mill, 
roasting furnace, and assay office. Other mines located here 
are the Monarch, Homestake, Daisy and Deer Lodge. A 
table of the mines in Boise County will be found in the latter 
part of this chapter. In the Gambrinns District, eighty 

miles from Idaho City, the Forest King, Golconda, and Silver 
Chief, are the most prominent locations. A five-stamp mill 
at the Forest King mine, and one also at the Golconda, crushes 
the rock, which is gold bearing quartz assaying $25 to $30 per 
ton. At the Mammoth mine, owned by Wilson & Co., on 
Summit Flat, there is an eight stamp mill. The vien 

averages two feet, and assays in the hundreds. The Gold 
Hill lode is in the Quartzburg District, north of Idaho City, 
and since it was opened, in 1867, has been paying handsome 
dividends. It is owned by the Gold Hill Mining and 

Milling Company, and extends a distance of 2,900 feet, south- 



38 OENTKA.L AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

west, and 1,400 feet, north-west from the point of discovery # 
The vein is decomposed, sulphnreted quartz, very easy to 
handle, and yields $i0 to $100 per ton. The quartz is 
reduced at an expense of less than $1.25 per ton, in a 
Cobden mill of twenty-five stamps. The average assay of 
the ore is about $30, but rich bodies have been tapped, at 
different times, and long runs made that yielded from $50 to 
$100 per ton. The under-ground workings, including the 

main shaft which is 500 feet deep, aggregates a length of two 
miles. The mine has produced about $2,750,000. 

Five miles from Banner a new district is being opened, 
called the Payette District. The prospects are all good, and 
there is every reason to believe that the mines are as rich as 
in any other section. 

The mineral formation in Washington County is rich and 
varied. Gold, silver, and copper, are found, and some line 
prospects are being opened. Commercial mica also exists 

in vast quantities, while several veins of coal have lately been 
discovered. The Mineral District, 25 miles north wtst of 

Weiser, and four miles east of Snake River, is ten miles long, 
by three wide. The principle mines are the Black Maria, 

Muldoon, Daniel Boone, Black Hawk, Kit Carson, Portage, 
Last Chance, Lucky Boy, Lady Bank, Lady Jane Gray. 
Jolly Traveller, True Blue, Atlanta, and Idaho. 

The formation of the district is pjrphry, and is very 
rich. The Black Maria, Muldoon, and Daniel Boone, 
have hundreds of tons of fine ore extracted. 

The Ruthburg District is thirty-five miles from Weiser, and 
about twenty miles from Salubria. Among the many 

locations, the Belmont and Greenhorn, are the most prominent. 
The ledges carry silver chlorides and copper. The Seven 
Devils country, in the northern part of the county, is well 
up to the front in productions of gold, silver, and copper. 
Peacock copper in vast ledges, in many cases twenty feet 
wide, and of unknown depth, are capable of producing this 
article, of the best quality, and in unlimited quantities, for 
ages. Sixty-five per cent, of the ores are copper, with $12 
in gold, and $15 in silver. 



OENTKAL AND WESTEKN IDAHO. 39 



THE GREAT WOOD RIVER MINING 

REGION. 

Seven years ago, what is now known as the Wood River 
mining region, was a trackless wild, inhabited only by wild 
and savage beasts, and the still more savage and treacherous 
Indian. But no country, however wild and hazardous, 
however fraught with peril and danger, deters the prospector 
in his untiring search fur the precious metal, and his advent- 
urous spirit often leads him into danger, from which his cool- 
ness, and nerve alone, can extricate him. Often he is 
unrewarded for the peril he encounters, and the privation he 
endures; but in the Wood River region fortune smiled on his 
efforts. Rich mines were discovered and opened, and ere 
long the new mineral prodigy of the north-west was known 
from Maine to California, and from the Gulf to the British 
line. Where yesterday was a wild, to day cities make the 
mountains resound with their busy hum; the merry ring of the 
prospector's pick has startled the red deer from his long 
seel n si on f and freight wagons and pack-trains have been 
supplanted by the rail way. 

No other region on the face of the globe affords such a 
diversity of wealth and mineral formation. Along the 
great Snake River valley, in and around Atlanta. Rocky Bar. 
Smoky, etc., extensive placer claims abound. On both sides 
of the Wood River, Little Wood River, Lost River, and Little 
Lost River valleys, and their trib itary canons, gulches, forks, 
and creeks, silver bearing galena, and gray copper mines, are 
found by dozens — some of which have already yielded their 



40 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

hundreds of thousands of dollars, while twice as many more 
are showing equally valuable ore bodies as developed. A 
tabulated report of the different mines, will be found at the 
end of this chapter. 

The first locations in this great region, were made in 1876, 
by Warren P. Callahan, D. Whitmer, and M. Williams, in 
Croy's gulch. It is the mine now known as the Big Camas. 
About the same time they located the Keystone mine, a mile 
from where the town of Broadford now stands. The first 
locations on the east fork of Wood River, were made by 
Merrit Kelly and his brother. Until 1879 nothing was done, 
the prospectors having to leave on account of Indians, who 
considered this country their especial domain; but in that year, 
(1879,) three prospectors, Williams, Whitmer, and Sprague, 
located the Queen of the Hills, numbers one and two, and 
Frank Jacobs, the present Queen of the Hills, which is the 
mother lode. 

In July of the same year, W. D. Hathaway, W. A. 
Roberts, and others, prospected Warm Spring's Creek, and 
located the Boyle Mountain Group of mines. Sometime 
during that summer, Boyle, Hi Hunter, Fulton, and King, 
explored upper Wood River, in and around Galena. In 
1880 the big excitement occurred, and to speak of the influx 
of prospectors, capitalists, and adventures, and to recount the 
history of the camp at that time, would be but an "oft told 
tale told over again " 

The following from the Wood River Times, was furnished 
by Mr. T. E. Picotte, the editor: 

"Alonsr the gold belt — which extends from Resurrection 
District, fifteen miles below Hailey, to the head of Rock and 
Camp Creeks, and on to the Smoky District, Rocky Bar, and 
Atlanta, there are over a dozen known mines already, and 
many other claims are also developing into mines. Among 
the former are the Atlanta Hill, (formerly the Last Chance,) 
Buffalo, Big Lode, Vishnu. Alturas, Bonapart, Camas, 
numbers one and two, West Camas, Hidden Hand, etc., which 
have already yielded an aggregate of over $8,000,000 — though 
gold mining, as well as other kinds of mining, is still in its 



CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 41 

infancy in this country. Besides the above, there is also a 
class of veins which carries ore that is somewhat refractory, 
necessitating roasting. Of this class are the Vienna, 
Mountain King, Pilgrim, Columbia, and Beaver, and other 
claims, situated in the heart of the Sawtooth range. All of 

the claims named are ore producers, the Vienna and Mountain 
King alone, (which are owned by a Minnesota company,) 
having a recorded yield of over §750,000 in the past two years. 
The increase in mine property values can be better realized if 
the following mine sales are quoted: The Minnie Moore was 
sold to an English syndicate, which includes one of the 
Directors of the Bank of England, for 8500,000. The 
Mayflower, at Bullion, was sold to J. B. Farewell, of Chicago, 
for $375,000. In less than eighteen months, the purchasers 
had been reimbursed for their outlay. The Narrow Guage 
Bannock group, purchased by the same capitalists for 
§85,000, has also more than paid for itself. The Michael 
Davitt, on Deer Creek, was sold soon after discovery for 
§40,000. The Pilgrim, in Sawtooth, sold for §30,000 three 
weeks after its discovery. The Muldoon was sold six months 
after it was located, to a Philadelphia company, for §125,000. 
Numerous other instances might be cited, but the above will 
suffice. 

THE REDUCTION WORKS. 

Although this region has not passed the first or prospect- 
ing stage, the local facilities for reducing the ore and extracting 
the precious metal are remarkably efficient, and varied. The 
daily reducing capacity of the mills and smelters, now T in this 
countv, is about as follows: 

NAME AND LOCATION. TONS. 

The Bellevue smelting works, 5 

" Hailey •« " 10 

" Ketchum ««.■«« 120 

" Galena ". 30 

" Muldoon " ■« 60 

" Vienna Company's Gold and Silver mill, at Vienna, 50 

" Columbia and Beaver Company's, mill at Sawtooth, 50 

" Atlanta Company's Gold and Silver mill, at Atlanta, 50 

" Buffalo Company's Gold and Silver mill, at Atlanta, 40 

" Big Lode Company's mill, at Atlanta, 30 

" Tahoma Company's mill, at Atlanta, 30 

" Last Chance Company's mill, at Atlanta, 30 

" Yishnn mill, at Bock'v Bar, 20 

" Camas No. 2 Gold mill, at head of Rock Creek, 20 

Making a total daily milling and smelting capacity of 535 



42 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

Smelting requiring much capital, many companies prefer 
to concentrate their ores, and sell them in open market. For 
this reason concentrating works have been constructed. The 
works crush the ore and concentrate the metal-bearing particles 
in from three to ten tons of ore, by separating them from the 
waste. The following are best known of these: 

TONS. 

The Minnie Moore Company with a daily capacity of 80 

The Queen of the Hills, 50 

The Hailey Concentrating Company „ 60 

The Wood Kiver, 60 

' The Mayflower, 60 

The Narrow Guage t 40 

The North Star, 40 

The Buzzo, 40 

The Ontario, 4') 

The Silver King, 30 

The Little Wood River,. 30 

The Smoky - Bullion, 3 ) 

Making a daily capacity of 560 

The construction of more mills and concentrating works 

is in contemplation. At Rock and Camp Creeks alone, it is 

believed over one hundred additional stamps, having a 

capacity of 200 tons per day, will be put in place in the next 

twelve months. 



PRODUCTIONS AND ASSAY'S OF IDAHO 

MINES. 



THE WOOD RIVER BULLION YIELD. 

Each small or large ore producer seeks his favorite 
market, consequently the ores and bullion have been shipped 
to all points of the compass, by every mode of conveyance, and 



CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 



48 



it has been impossible to ascertain the full yield. The 
statistics obtainable however, have justified the publication of 
the following: 

RECORD OF WOOD RIVER. 

In 1878, Wild Indians. 

In 1880, Settled by the Whites. 

In 1881. Yield of the mines, $1,250,000. 

In 1882, " " " "' $2,500,000. 

In 1883, " " " " $3,500,000. 

In 1884, " " " « $4,000,000. 

In 1885, Yield of the mines estimated, $6,000,000. 

In 1886, " " " " " $8,000,000. 




44 



CENTRAL AND WESTEKN IDAHU. 



Assays of Wood River Mines, (alphabetically.) 



NAMES OF MINE. 


ASSAY PER TON. 


PER CENT BASE METAL. 


Accident 


167 ounces silver 


9 


50 per cent, l*>ad 




Albion 


100 " " 




50 " 




Barvarian 


90 " " 




75 




Baltimore 


150 " ' ' 




«o to 70 per cent. 


lead. 


Black Horse 


200 * * • ' 




70 per cent, lead 




Bullion 


180 " '« 




65 




Buckhorn 


150 " « .*■ 




70 " 




Bla<*k Barb 


100 «' " 




70 " Si 




Buckskin 


500 to 700 ounces 


silver 






Bromide 


48 to 800 ' ' 


< < 


65 to 70 per cent. 


lead. 


Capital 


^O to $2,000, silver 






Clipper 


100 to 500 ounces 


silver 






Chaunfy 


150 ounces silver 








Comet 


8200 








Davitt Michael 


1,000 to 2,000 oz. 


silver 






Dead Shot 


530 ounces silver 








Ellen stilts • 


•200 « * " 




65 per cent. lead. 




Emma Fair 


150 '« '« 




70 




Eureka 


100 «« " 




60 




Emma 


300 








Guy 


65 to 300 ounces 


silver 






teiant 


200 ounces silver 




65 per cent, lead 




Humbolt 


125 " " 




70 " 




ILghtide 


\<0 " " 




large per cent. 


lead. 


Idohoan 


iOo to 200 ounces 


silver 


70 per cent. lead. 




Illinois 


«0 ounces silver 




60 




Iflaho Belle 


100 " 








Industry 


46 




50 per cent. lead. 




Idaho Democrat 


100 " ' • 




60 « ' " 




Ingersoll 
Jay Gould 


150 " " 




imall per cent. lead. 


150 " *' 




65 per cent. lead. 




Joe Garus'm 


150 • • " 




15 " «' 




Liberty 


175 " «' 




70 




Lizzie 


250 " '«■ 








Minnie Moore 


hi 24 to $U0per ton 






Monday 


620 ounces silver 




56 percent, lead. 




Mayflower 


No Kep rt 








Mountain View 


500 ounces silver 




<»0 per cent . lead . 




Mamm-'th 


92 * ' 4 ' 




74 




Mocking Bird 


9.) to 160 ounce* 


silver 


48 to 65 per cent . 


lead. 


Morning Star 


70 oz. silver *7 gold 






Monta ornery, Parker 










and s t. Lonisgroupe 










of mines, nr-»t-clase 










sample 


597 ounces silver 




32 per cent. lead. 




n verland 


125 (i 




65 




Penobscot 


175 « ' * * 




65 




Queen of the Hills 


125 




65 " " 




Queen Victoria 


U9 « ■ 




66 




Battler 


200 • « • « 




65 " " 




Rising Sun 


300 




60 




Star Mine 


150 4 - «« 




70 * * « ' 




Silver Fortune 


• 00 " 




50 " 




Salinas 


250 " " 








Sultan 


80 to 300 ounces 


silver 


50 to 70 per cent 


lead. 



Several mines, of which we could not obtain a report, do 
not appear in the above table. 



OJfiNTKAL. AND WHiSTKtCJN IDAHO. 



45 



BOISE COUNTY MINES. 

The following amount of precious metals were shipped 
through Express Companies alone in 1885, from Boise County: 



SHIPMENTS BY EXPRESS CO'S. DURING 


188S. 


OFFICE. 


Gold Bullion 
and Dust . 


Silver Bullion 
and Amalgam. 


TOTAL. 


Idaho City . 

Centerville 

Placerville 

Quartsburg 


$483,612 

43,215 

115,833 

159,5 ;0 


$103 530 

7,873 


(.$87,142 

51, 88 

11 ,833 

159,50(1 



Grand Total 



$802,160 



$111,403 



$913,563 



ASSAYS OF BOISE COUNTY QUARTZ MINES. 



NAME OF MINE. 


ASSAY PEL* TON. 


Ounces. 


Dollars . 


Crown Point 

Wolverine 

Banner . 


70 to 6,0 j 
70 to 6, Oi 
40 to 4 
50 to 400 

70 to 200 
50 to 200 




Idaho 

Star of the West 




Washoe 

Deer Lodge 


312.21 


Homesteak 

Gold Hill 

Forrest King . 

Silver Chief 

Panamint 


219.12 
230.19 
67.54 
3). 00 
3>. 00 
109.00 
54.00 


Golden Fleece 

Storm King 

Trade Dollar 


12.00 

60.00 

41.00 gold, 55 silver. 



The Elkhorn mine, situated twelve miles north of Idaho 
City, and fifteen miles east of Center ville, has heen a producing 
mine for upwards of eighteen years. In the last four years 
the actual production has been $554,000. 



46 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 



DEPOSITS OF IDAHO BULLION AT 

U. S. MINT. 

The deposits of Idaho bullion, (so far as it is possible to 
seggregate them — a very large portion having passed through 
private refineries, and thus losing their identity for the year 
1885, are stated by the director of the mint, to have been 
$24,137,417 gold, $727,296 silver, and $24,864,713 total. 

Reports of two other mints, one at Carson, and the other 
at San Francisco, are found to have received the same year, the 
former $1,339.36, and the latter $454,294.70, and total, 
$455,634 06, 

The comparison with regard to population is probably the 
most reliable test of the relative prosperity of a mining region. 
In this respect Idaho stands first of any other state or territory. 
The average yield per capita is $45.37 gold, $14.25 silver, 
making a total of $59.62. 



ADA COUNTY. 

Ada County is one of the smallest in the territory, but is 
the most thickly settled. Agriculture is the chief industry. 
The most convincing evidence of what can be accomplished by 
irrigation on the sage-brush land, is seen in the farms of Boise 
and Payette Valleys, the larger part of the present farm area 
having once been land of that character. In less than twenty 



OEJSTKAL, AND WESTERN IDAHO. 4? 

years, greater changes have been wrought in the topography 
of the country, than is possible on the plains of Nebraska, or 
the blue grass prairies of Kentucky in twice that period. 
Waving tields of grain, green meadows of timothy, clover and 
alfalfa, extensive orchards of choice fruits, beautiful dwellings, 
embowered in groves of poplar and locusts, large and comfort- 
able barns and granaries, and other evidences of a thrifty 
prosperity, now adorn the once sterile landscape. 

Boise Valley is sixty miles in length, with a breadth 
varying from two to six miles, and contains about 200,000 
acres of arable land. The settlement is thick from Boise 
City, at the head of the valley, to Middleton, twenty -five miles 
below. From that point to the mouth of the river, there 
are fewer farms, but plenty of land awaiting the settler. The 
soil is very rich, easy of cultivation, exceedingly productive, 
raising all kinds of cereals, roots, fruits, etc., to remarkably 
perfection, and in great abundance. The valley is irrigated 
by large canals taking water from Boise Biver at different 
points, and furnishes a bountiful supply to the greater part of 
the farming area. A canal has been surveyed from a point 
near the Warm Springs, five miles above Boise City, extending 
a distance of eighteen miles along the foot hills, and covering 
a large bodv of land known as Dry Creek Flat. The ditch 
will run above or back of Boise Barracks, and north of Boise 
City, at an elevation of about seventy-five feet above the level 
of the valley. When this enterprise is carried through, 

between twenty thousand and thirty thousand acres will be 
brought under cultivation thereby. 

Fruit growing is a very important business in the valley, 
and the exports have reached a figure hardly to be expected of 
a comparatively new country. Fruit trees bear when very 
young. We know of one orchard ist who has twenty acres, 
or 6,500 apple trees, that produced in 1885, when in their 
fourth year, more than 75,000 pounds of apples. Boise 
Valley supplies a large and growing demand for fruit, and 
vegetables, in the surrounding mining camps, at home, and in 
other territories. Besides Boise Valley proper, there is a 

large agricultural country south and west that still remains 



48 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

open to settlement. The farming, so far in that section, is 

confined to Five Mile Creek, and a few scattering ranches 
along Ten Mile. What farming has been done however, 
proves the land to be of excellent quality, and is even thought 
b} r some, to be superior of that of Boise Valley. A 
description of this section will be found in the article on 
Desert Land. 

Payette Valley is situated about thirty miles north-west 
of Boise City, and is a rich farming and stock -growing region. 
The length of the valley is sevent3 T -tive miles, and the breadth 
from two to fifteen. There are homes there for thousands of 
families, the soil is fertile, and specially adapted to the cultivation 
of small grain — wheat, oats, rye, and barley. The valley is 
surrounded by low, rolling hills covered with nutritious bunch- 
grass, and watered by the Payette River, affluent of the 
Snake. It has the advantage of presenting to the farmer a 
means of successfully combining the business of stock-raising 
with agriculture, tne adjacent hills being excellent and in- 
exhaustible pasture land. The Oregon Short Line Railway 
crosses the valley at the lower end, where the town of Payette 
is situated. Emmett, another thriving little town, is located 
at the upper end, where the river debouches from the foot- 
hills. Two large irrigating ditches, taking water from the 
river, will water 40,000 acres. Two other large canals are to 
be constructed, one on either side of the river, beginning near 
the Boise Countv line and flowing thence westerly. When 
these are completed, between 200,000 and 300,000 acres of 
new land will furnish hom^s for a large colony. Here is an 
excellent chance for the home-seeker Besides raising 

abundantly, wheat, oats, barley, potatoes, and corn, fruits of 
excellent quality are grown. Near the river, there is plenty 
of timber for fencing and fuel, and three large saw-mills 
furnish lumber to the inhabitants, at a nominal figure. The 
river soil is a heavy alluvium, but the main body is sage-brush 
land. 

The valley is nearly oval. From Emmett, at the upper 
end, it commences to widen, until within a few miles of Falk's 
Store, it reaches it broadest limit, and gradually narrows from 



OifiNTKAL AND WMttTlSKN IDAHO. 49 

that point to the mouth of the river. The greater part of 
the country between the foot-hills, on the north side of the 
river, and those on the south side, is arable land, and no doubt 
will all soon be farmed. Irrigation will be a matter of easy 
accomplishment, as the ground is very even and level, and the 
streams have a good fall. Sloughs, in some places, sweep 
out many miles from the river, and ditches from these can be 
constructed at a very moderate cost. Living springs are 
scattered over the valley, and offer another source of supply. 

Ada County has no mines, if we except the placers on 
Snake River, and but little attention has been devoted to the 
mineral resources. Coal is said to exist in large quantities 
along the foot-hills, and lignite of a superior quality has been 
discovered in various places along the Boise mountains, for a 
distance of thirty miles. 

Stook-Raising. — According to the estimates furnished 
us, Ada County has 30,000 head of cattle on the range. The 
Boise mountains afford excellent summer pasture, and Boise 
Valley, Payette Valley, and Snake River Basin, are good 
winter ranges. 

The rearing of thoroughbred cattle is just now attracting 
considerable attention, and several firms are devoting them- 
selves exclusively to this branch of the industry. 

Boise City, Capital of Idaho, and seat of Ada County, is 
situated on the north bank of Boise River, fifty miles above its 
confluence with the Snake, at an altitude of 2,800 feet. The 
streets are broad, cross each other at right angles, and many of 
them are bordered with a beautiful and uniform growth of 
ornamental shade trees. She is the center of wealth, refine- 
ment and culture, and to her all other cities of the section 
pay respectful obeisance. She is also the entrepot for all 
the produce of the rich agricultural country, which is 
necessariall y tributary to it. Her private residences will 
compare most favorably with cities of greater pretentions, in 
point of architectural design and finish, as well as in cost of 
construction. The public buildings are perfect gems of art, 
and creditable to the high order of enterprise which character- 
izes her public spirited citizens. Two miles east of Boise 



50 UENTKAL AJN'D WE8TEKJN IDAHO. 

City, the United States Penitentiary is located. It is three 
stories high, built of stone, and surrounded by a wall of solid 
masonry. The convicts wear the usual felon's garb, and 
labor at the trades, or in the neighboring rock quarries. The 
U. S. Assay Office, located at the upper end of Main Street, is 
an imposing, beautifully finished and well appointed edifice of 
stone. It was erected at a cost of $S 1,000. The govern- 
ment supplies a bullion fund, with which deposits are 
purchased. Ada County Court-house, on Capitol Square, 
fronting on Jefferson Street, between Fifth and Sixth, is three 
stories high, built of brick, and the grounds occupy an entire 
block. There is a large court-room, rooms for the county 
officers, and chambers for the District Judge. The public 
school building, the cost of which was $50,000, is the pride and 
ornament of the city. It is three stories, made of brick and 
tastefully trimmed with stone. In furnishing, nothing has been 
omitted that could add to the comfort and convenience of the 
pupils, or aid the teachers in disseminating a thorough 
knowledge of the different branches. The means of heating, 
ventilation, ingress and egress, are perfect. The principal is 
most ably assisted by an efficient corpse of six teachers, and the 
systematic thoroughness of each department is indeed 
admirable. The Boise City Independent School District 
was established by legislative enactment, February 4th, 1881. 
The last school census taken in August, 1885, gives the 
number of school children in the district as 722. 

The Territorial Capitol is three and one-half stories, and 
the largest public building in the city. The territorial 
officials have chambers there, and the legislative halls are 
roomy and well ventilated. The Territorial Law Library con- 
tains between 5,000 and 6,000 volumes, and additions are being 
constantly received. The cost of the building was $85,000. 

A city Ordinance prohibits the erection of frame buildings 
within a prescribed limit, and the business houses are as a con- 
quence of brick orstone. The Boise City Fire Department 
embraces Boise Engine No. 1, and Ada Hook and Ladder 
No. 1, with a Silsby steamer, three hose carts, and 1,500 feet 
of hose. Fireman's Hall, erected at a cost to the city ol 



CENTRAL, AND WESTERN IDAHO. 51 

$3,000, is a neat two-story brick. A library and reading 
room have lately been added. 

Churches and Societies. — In this respect Boise City 
has a full quota. There are live religious denominations 
owning church property in the city. The Presbyterians 
and Methodists each have tine brick churches, and the other 
denominations — Episcopal, Baptist, and Catholic — have neat 
frame buildings. 

The Masonic society is represented by Boise Lodge No. 2, 
and Shoshone Lodge No. 7, A. F. & A. M., Boise Chapter 
No. 3, E. A. M., and Idaho Commandery No. 1, K. T. 
Odd Fellows: Ada Lodge No. 3, I. O. O. F., and Idaho 
Encampment No. 1. Order of Workmen: Idaho No. 5, A. 
O. U. W. The temperance societies are represented by the 
Champions of the Ked Cross and Boise Lodge No 1, I. O. G. 
T. In the athletic line there is the Boise City Turn Yerein 
and the Boise Base Ball Clubs. 

The town is supplied with three excellent newspapers, the 
Statesman, tri-weekly, and weekly; the Democrat, semi-weekly,- 
and the Republican, weekly. They are very liberally supported, 
and determined to do their duty "though the heavens fall." 
There is a line of telegraph wires connecting with the main 
line at Caldwell, on the O. S. L., and also telephone communi- 
cation with the surrounding towns. 

Some of the attractions outside of the city are Boise 
Barracks and the Warm Springs. The Springs are five 
miles above the city and are a favorite summer resort. They 
are the only thermal springs in the county and posess highly 
medicinal properties, containing iron, sulphur, soda, lime and 
magnesia. The visitor can be accommodated with almost 
any kind of bath desired, there being vapor, shower, plunge, 
steam, and mnd baths. In temperature the springs vary 
from 125 to 220 degrees Fahrenheit. 

Boise Barracks, military post, over-looks the city, at a 
distance of half a mile. There is at present stationed there 
one company of infantry and one of cavalry. 

The census of 1880 gives the population of Boise City as 
1,899, and at the present writing, judging from the vote polled 



52 CENTKAL AWD WESTERN IDAHO. 

and the number of school children in the district, the popu- 
lation is 3,600. 

Boise City is at present reached from Kuna station, on the 
Oregon Short Line rail-road, from which it is distant fifteen 
miles, and with which it is connected by two daily stages each 
way. Two branch lines of rail-way are projected — one from 
Nampa station, on the O. S. L., and the other from Caldwell, 
on the O. S. L. One is expected to be in operation in the 
near future. 

In the growth and development of Boise City, there has 
been nothing phenomenal. Unlike many Pacific Coast 
towns she has not been subject to sudden booms or a 
fluctuating, mush-room prosperity. On tiie contrary, her 
growth has been steady, sure, and prosperous; and the 
horoscope of the future plainly marks out a destiny of endur- 
ing success and certain advancement. 

Caldwell. — Caldwell, thirty miles west of Boise City, 
on the south side of Boise River, is a new and prosperous little 
town of 400 inhabitants. It was named after the Kansas ex- 
Senator, and owes its existence to the Oregon Short Line 
Railway, on which it is located, though it has many natural 
advantages. Chief among them is the large farming area 
surrounding it, a large portion of which has been settled and 
farmed for many years. The Idaho Land Improvement 
Company have constructed a large ditch, fifteen miles in 
length, covering 15,000 acres of choice land, and other canals 
will be completed soon. A nice school building and several 
churches look to the spiritual welfare and educational interests 
of the community, while a weekly newspaper, (the Tribune,) 
advertises the resources of the section. Lower Boise and 
Dixie Valleys look to Caldwell for supplies and a market for 
produce, and this trade alone is large and remunerative. It 
is also a point of importance to cattle shippers and stock, 
growers generally, and everything considered, the future of 
Caldwell is bright and promising. The altitude is 2,500 
feet. 

Payette. — In March, 1884, the town of Payette sprung 
into existence, called into life by the* construction of the 



OENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 53 

Oregon Short Line. It is situated on the north bank of the 
Payette River, where that stream empties into the Snake. 
The place is small, but of growing importance. Some of the 
finest farming land in Payette Valley backs the town, and the 
hills are rich in pasture. In 1885 an addition was made to 
the old town-site, called Master's Addition, and again in June 
of the same year, another called Gorrie's Addition. Two 
large saw-miles turn off immense quantities of lumber at this 
place — one owned by Kidenbaugh & Rossi, and the other by 
W. A. Coughanour, & Co. The logs are floated down the 
Payette River, a distance of about 100 miles. The residents 
of the town are progressive and enterprising. The public 
school house is a well appointed building, capable of accommo- 
dating 100 or more puplis. There is but one church — 
Methodist. A county bridge, the cost of which was $7,000, 
crosses the Payette a short distance from the town. The 
resident population is 200. 

Emmet r is located at the upper end of Payette Valley, 
thirty-five miles above the mouth of Payette River. It is 
nicely situated in a rieri farming and stoflk- raising neighbor 
hood, and has all the indications of a successful future. A 
tine school building erected at a cost of $5,000, finely furnished 
with patent seats and other conveniences, is pointed out with 
pardonable pride by the citizens. The school is divided into 
three grades, under the direction of the principal, assisted by 
two teachers. The average daily attendance is S9. Witt's 
mill, and Wardwell's mill and plainers are located in the 
suburbs, and furnish lumber at a very reasonable figure. A 
county bridge spans the Payette at this point. There is one 
church — Episcopal. Boise City, twenty-eight miles south- 
east, is the nearest banking and express town. Population, 
250. 

Kuna. — A station on the Oregon Short Line, fifteen 
miles south-west of Boise City, and is the place of transfer of 
freight and passengers for the latter place. A daily stage con- 
nects with passenger trains both east and west. With the 
completion of the New York Canal, a large area surrounding 
Kuna will make a productive farming country. Population, 50. 



M CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

Middleton. — Four miles east of Caldwell, its nearest 
railway station and banking town. The most of the 
neighboring farming land has been settled for a number of 
years. , It has telephone communication with Caldwell, Boise 
City, and intermediate points. Population, 100. 

Falk's Store. — A postoffice, thirty-eight miles north- 
west of Boise City, in Payette Valley. Population, 58. 

Star. — A postoffice, fifteen miles west of Boise City. 
A rich farming country. Population, 50. 



ALXURAS COUNTY. 

Alturas is the largest county in the territory, having an 
area of over 19,000 square miles, and is par excellence the 
mining region of the Pacific Coast. The county is larger 
than Vermont and Massachusetts combined, about 200 miles 
in length, with a width varying from 30 to 170 miles. A 
description of the mineral resources of the eounty will be found 
in the article on mining. 

Agricultural Land. — There is much arable land in the 
county, and although it is essentially a mining region, and 
has gained its laurels through the mines, and must maintain 
them by that agency, the amount of good land for farming 
will prove no insignificant factor in its development. On 
Camas Prairie alone, there are farms for 200 families. It lies 
about twenty miles west of Hailey and Belle vue, and is forty 
miles long, by from ten to twenty wide. Grain yields from 
forty to fifty bushels per acre, and there is one instance on 
record where (on Willow Creek,) five acres produced at the 
rate of 105 bushels per acre. Farmers are settling this great 



CJ&NTKAli AND WESTKKJN IDAHO. 55 

garden spot very rapidly, and no doubt the whole will be in a 
few years, one vast wheat Held — that being the staple 
production. The soil is a deep, rich loam, level and well 
watered by numerous creeks from the adjacent mountains. It 
has only been a short time since the first settlements were made 
there, and consequently it has not been fully demonstrated 
that fruit will bear well, but enough is known to prove that 
the hardy varieties will yield profusely. Potatoes, onions, 
and other vegetables grow to a remarkable size and in great 
abundance with but little irrigation; while hay of the very finest 
quality is a natural production. It is said by those who 
should be well informed in the subject, that very little irriga- 
tion is necessary, for the reason that a stratum of clay a few 
feet below the surface holds the moisture. Water is to be 
found at a depth of from two to eight feet in any part of the 
Prairie. What has been said of Carnas Prairie applies as 
well to Wood River Valley, with the exception of the extreme 
upper end, where the seasons ai*e too short and the nights too 
cool for the production of only the hardiest vegetables, though 
small grain grows well. 

As a stock-raising country, Alturas is one of the best 
described in this work. In the foot-hills and valleys of the 
Sawtooth and Wood River ranges, the stock find an abundance 
of summer feed, and when winter comes on they are driven to 
the great lava fields of Snake River to grow fat and lazy on 
white-sage. No positive statistics can be had as to the number 
of range cattle now in the county, but the estimates furnished 
us by different cattle-raisers place the number at 50,000 head. 
Assuming these figures to be correct, there is pasture in 
Alturas county for fifty times that amount, and the range then 
would only be sprinkled, with cattle. 

Hailey. — Hailey, the county seat of Alturas County, 
the commercial, political, financial, and social center of Lower 
Wood River, was laid off April 1st, 1880. The city is nicely 
plotted, the streets being broad and well kept, and a look of 
business activity animates them, lending to the place an air of 
metropolitan vigor. Croy's gulch meets Wood River opposite 
the town, and in and around it are located many of the rich 



56 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

and most promising mines. The sanitary features are 
unsurpassed by any city, town, or village on the coast. The 
country surrounding it is not only rich in mines, but the 
great Camas Prairie and Silver Creek farming country, is 
tributary to it, the former being one of the largest tracts of 
agricultural land in Central Idaho, and considered the best 
wheat producing soil in the territory. The district in 
which Bailey is located was known as a rich mining region 
for many \ T ears, but it was not until the influx of 1880, that 
the town site was laid out, and a city sprang up like magic 
in a '"howling wilderness." Enterprises were speedily 

inaugurated to develop the mines and reach the deposits 
of valuable ore, and plans were rapidly matured by which 
the law of supply and demand, in traffic, might be complied 
with. The erection of business houses of a permanent 

nature, private and public houses, went rapidly forward, and 
the announcement was soon made and substantiated that the 
new El Dorado of the north-west was no myth. There is no 
parallel, excepting that offered by Leadville, where cities of 
such importance have sprung into existance in so short a time, 
as on Wood River, Idaho. From the first Hailey's importance 
has been recognized and her growth steady and sure. 

There is a $40,000 court-house, telephone communication 
with surrounding towns, excellent hotels, three daily and 
weekly newspapers — the Wood River Times, the Inter Idaho, 
and the News' Miner. 

There are several churches, good schools, and the society 
is almost sans par ciL Population 2,700. 

Ketchcm. — The town of Ketch urn is situated on a 
plateau, at the confluence of Trail Creek with Wood River, 
and opposite Warm Springs Creek. The Wood River 
Valley is thirty miles in length, with an average width of an 
half mile, and lies at an elevation "of 5,500 feet. Ketchnm 
is located midway between the upper and lower ends of the 
valley and is a thrifty community of 2,000 inhabitants. The 
society is good. There are three churches, and a large 
school building represents the educational advantages. A 
daily and weekly newspaper, (the Ketchum Keystone) furnishes 



CKMTttAL AJN'D WESTEfctf IDAHO. 57 

the news, and numerous business houses present an air of thrift 
and enterprise. The town was laid off May 5th, 1880, under 
the old ten dollar law which gives to each inhabitant two lots, 
at the minimum price of $10 each, where the size does not 
exceed 4,200 square feet. On account of the lots being 
surveyed larger in Ketchum the price was fixed by govern- 
ment at $15 each. The town plot originally contained 1,600 
lots, but in four years they were all improved, and it was 
found necessary to add more on the advent of the railroad in 
1884. Accordingly 1,000 acres adjoining was laid out, 
immediately north of the town, and called Rhode's Addition 
to Ketchum, after James M. Rhodes, of Philadelphia. The 
addition contains 2,000 most desirable lots, for business or 
residences. At the mouth of Warm Springs Creek, the 
works of the Philadelphia Smelting Company are located, and 
they are the largest of their kind in Idaho, there being four 
smelting furnaces, five roasting furnaces, twenty charcoal 
kilns, the whole lighted b} 7 electricity and furnished with all 
the modern means and appliances for the manufacture of 
bullion. Fluxing material, such as lime and iron, abound in 
the immediate vicinity, and although coke from Pennsylvania 
is used in the works, forests of black pine and fir, inexhaustible 
in quantity and easy of access, is also used for fuel. The 
capacity of the smelter is 120 tons per day. Ketchum is the 
natural terminal point of the Wood River branch of the U. P. 
Railway. 

Bellevue. — On April 26th, 1880, Bellevue was laid off, 
and for some time was the principal place on Wood River, but 
on the permanent location of the county seat at Railey, five 
miles north, it lost some of its prestige, though its natural 
forces were not weakened or its advantages disputed. It has 
an excellent location on a plateau, overlooking Wood River, 
while on every hand tall mountains rise in majestic splendor, 
their lofty summits scarred ani seamed by the storms of 
centuries, and blending beautifully with the blue of heaven's 
dome. Bellevue commands a large portion of the trade 
from the Camas Prairie, Wood River, and Silver Creek 
farming country, while the most important mines of Wood 



58 OKNTKAL, AND WE8TEKN IDAHO. 

River are located within a radi is of a few miles, among which 
are notably the Minnie Moore and Queen of the Hills. 
The main line of the Union Pacific Railway, fifty-two miles 
distant, is reached via the Wood River branch to Shoshone. 
Several hundred men are employed in the mines, besides her own 
population, look to Bellevue as a supply point, and when this 
is taken into consideration with what the farmer requires, it 
forms a local commercial activity of no mean importance. 
The town has one newspaper, (The Chronicle,) which represents 
the interest of the section very ably. The churches are well 
represented, and the school house, situated on Elm Street, is an 
imposing brick editice that does honor to the enterprise and 
public spirit of the citizens. 

With the introduction of capital for developing the rich 
mines, with the settlement of farming land yet vacant, Bellevue 
by force of merit, will win for herself a brilliant place in the 
history of Wood River. The population is 1,200, and the 
altitude 5,200 feet. 

Shoshone. — The thriving town of Shoshone is situated 
on Little Wood River, at the junction of the Wood River 
branch with the O. S. L. A large and fertile body of 
agricultural land surrounds it, but at present only a few farms 
have been settled, and the town derives its chief support from 
the railroad, the company having, located extensive shops at 
this point. The machine shops and round-houses are built 
of hard lava rocks, and the strange color of the rock has a 
peculiar beauty of its own. The main building is a round- 
house with twenty-four stalls, and the dimensions of the other 
shops are as follows: Machine shop 115 feet by 140, with 
engine room addition 50 toy 50; boiler and blacksmith shop 
75 by 165 feet — 24 forges: car shop 115 by 200 feet; paint 
shop 140 by 150; work shop 115 by 20<> feet. The walls of 
all these buildings are 26 feet high. There are at present 
200 operatives employed in the shops. When the O. S. L. 
was being constructed Shoshone, being for a while the 
terminus, sprung up almost in a day, and it was predicted by 
many wise-acres that her existence would be short and she 
would fade into nothingness in a few mouths. Unfortunately, 



CENTRAL AND WE8TEKN IDAHO. 59 

however, for the prophets, the town from its birth has shown 
remarkable vigor and unmistakable signs that she will live 
and "flourish like a green bay tree." In the future Shoshone 
will be an important point to the traveller as the tourist's 
stage line from the great Shoshone Falls connects at this place. 
The churches are well represented, the schools and society are 
good, and the Journal, a wide-awake newspaper, keeps the 
people posted in local and foreign news. The population is 
1,200. 

Broadford, supported entirely by the mines, is situated 
one and one-quarter miles from Bellevue. The concentrating 
works of the Queen of the Hills are in the town, and at a 
distance <>f an half-mile the works of the Minnie Moore, 
together employing between 300 and 400 operatives. Tts 
growth rest solely on the mines, but their richness being 
unquestioned the residents are perfectly satisfied with the out- 
look. Mr. Warren P. Calahan, a gentleman who has 
occupied every official position in the gift of his county, is 
interested in some of the best mines on the river. He keeps 
a large and varied assortment of general merchandise at 
Broadford. Mr. Lake, proprietor of the Grove House, is 
prepared to attend the wants of the hungry, and discharge the 
duties of host in the most agreeable manner. Population 
400. 

Galena, Upper Wood River, is a post and express town, 
reached by the Wood River branch of the O. S. L. to 
Ketchnm, thence by stage twenty-nine miles north. Ketchum 
is its nearest banking town. The Galena Mining District 
embraces the whole of upper Wood River. The Senate 
Mining and Smelting Company own the chief group of 
mines. The Senate, Xone Such, Red Cloud, and Kid are 
the principal mines worked. The Conway Castle Mining 
Company have a smelter at this point, with a capacity of thirty 
tons per day. The air of Galena is very light, the altitude 
of the place being 7,900. Population 200. 

Atlanta. — Since 1864, the Atlanta Mining District has 
been turning out a continuous stream of bullion from its 
various mines. The place was named from the battle of 



60 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

Atlanta, and is pleasantly situated in a little vplley on South 
Boise River, at the foot of Atlanta Mountain, which rises 
1,500 feet above the town. It is eighty-five miles from 
Boise City, and about seventy miles from Mountain Home 
station on the O. S. L. A wagon road will soon be constructed 
from Atlanta to Boise City — the only natural road waj T from 
the camp. The altitude is 5,525 zeet, the population 250. 

Vienna, reached by the Wood River Division of the 
Oregon Short Line to Ketch um, thence by daily stage. The 
town is located across the divide from Wood River in Galena 
District. There are several rich mines in the vicinity, a ten- 
stamp dry crusher mill, owned by Cartwright & Co., of New 
York, and a twenty-stamp mill owned by the Vienna Company. 
Population 160. 

Bullion is exclusively a mining town, seven miles west 
of Ilailey. It is in the very heart of the mineral country, 
and circled by producing mines. Between 300 and 400 
miners iind employment, and the population of the place is 
marked at 500. A large hall, erected by the Miners^ 
Union, at a cost $2,000, is an ornament as well as a credit to 
the place. 

Mountain Home, on the O. S. L. R. R., is eighty-six 
miles west of Shoshone, and sixty miles east of Boise City. It 
is a centrally located shipping point for live-stock, and there is 
some good farming land in the vicinity. The cattle range 

of Big and Little Camas Prairies, besides the great Owyhee 
cattle country, south of Snake River, look to Mountain Home 
as the most accessible shipping point. The town isvery 
well located, and bids fair to realize the hopes of its sanguine 
citizens. Population 200. 



X s * 




CENTRAL AND WESTKKN IDAHO. 81 



BOISE COUNTY. 

The nam<* of "Boise County" is as familiar to residents of 
the north west, as ''Hangtown" is to the '49ers. Since the 
discovery of gold there in 1862, it has held the reputation of 
being the richest placer country outside of California. Capt. 
Grimes' party of twelve men made the first diseoveiies of gold 
in Boise Basin, two or three miles below what is now Center- 
ville. Grimes was killed in 1862 by the Indians, and the 
party soon after returned to Auburn, Oiegon, but only to 
return again in the spring of '63. The discovery created a 
blaze of excitement, and thousands of all classes, kinds and 
conditions, nocked to the new gold fields, forming a hetero- 
geneous mass of excited human beings, each intent on the 
pursuit and acquisition of the yellow dust. These were the 
palmy days of the six-shooter and bowie knife — lawlessness the 
rule, and not the exception, held high carnival in all the camps. 
Fortunes were made in a day. "Reckless, extravagance, and 
unbridled prodigality obtained, and the old maxim, "come 
easy go easy," was verified among the miners, (and all were 
miners) to the very letter. Tales of death and daring, of 
bloodshed and carnage, episodes the very quint essence of 
romance, but tho truth in every detail might be written and 
would prove both an interesting and instructive volume. But 
it was impossible for this state of affairs to continue — law- 
abiding citizens naturally sought means whereby peace and 
security could be maintained. Vigilance committees were 
organized, and the worst characters warned to leave in a stated 
time or suffer the consequences, which was death. In almost 
every instance the demand was complied with, and the red- 
handed murderer, the highwayman and trickster, sought new 
fields wherein to pursue their nefarious schemes. The 
consequence of this move was, it brought about a compara- 
tively settled and peaceable state of society. For upwards 



62 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

of eighteen years, the mines of Boise Basin produced more 
than $1,000,000 every season. Even now, with the richest 
mines worked out, the Basin produced last year, in gold bullion 
and dust $802,160, in silver bullion and amalgam $111,403, 
aggregating $913,563. " The Basin is not an exhausted mining 
camp, as the figures prove, and it is belie'/ed that a still richer 
deposit awaits development. The following extract is taken from 
the Idaho World of June 1st, 1886: 

"It is the general belief among placer miners of this 
section, that the richest gravel of the Basin has not been 
worked — that it is underneath what is termed a "false bed- 
rock" — a sedimentary deposit. The granite bedrock has 
never been reached in the creek bottom nor on the adjacent 
hills. Only two claims on this side of the Basin have been 
worked to granite bedrock; one is east of Walla Walla Flat 
and upon a high eminence above the "wash." This claim 
is owed by Buzzini, Brodtmiller and Cetcovitch. From all 
appearances there was a lake in this Basin, and probably long 
before the time it is recorded that Adam and Five stole apples. 
The water line is easily located on all sides, and below this 
line is the sedimentary desposit, or "false bedrock." There 
are evidences sufficient to prove the lake theory conclusively, 
and there is scarcely any doubt that the gold of the placers 
was washed down from quartz veins. in the hills near the 
creeks the formation would prove an interesting study for the 
geologist. There are numerous strata of the false bedrock, 
with good pay gravel between them. How far down this 
s} r stem of strata and gravel extends no one knows; but it is 
very probable that the first wash carried the most gold. 
Along the creeks nothing is known of the formation beneath 
the upper stratum, nor how thick this stratum is. A shaft, 
was sunk twelve or fourteen years ago on Elk Creek, just west 
of town, and after sinking one hundred feet the company that 
started in to sink below the first laj'er of "false bedrock,"' or 
to the granite — the country rock — had to give up the under- 
taking. They were not provided with pumping machinery 
and could not keep the shaft clear of water. Pieces of bark 
were taken from the bottom of the shaft, proving that the 



OEJNTKAL. AMD VYESTKK.N IDAHO. 63 

"false bedrock" has been deposited by water. Pieces of 
bark can also be seen on the bedrock in Plowman's claim, on 
East Hill — on the lower stratum to which the ground is 
worked, and there are strata of this sedimentary desposit 
between this lower one and the surface. In the claim of 
Buzzini & Co., which is above the sedimentary formation, the 
pay gravel extends from the surface to the granite bedrock, 
and there is no "false bedrock" between the surface and the 
granite. It is all le/el. In German gulch, a tributary of 
Bear Run gulch, the granite bedrock was near the surface, and 
the ground was rich. It was worked many years ago. 
Boise Basin has yielded incalculable millions of the precious 
yellow metal, and it is more than probable that there is more 
gold in the Basin yet than has been taken out, and the time 
will come that a shaft will be put down to prospect for pay 
gravel. Between the strata of "false bedrock" of Gold Hill, 
there is pay gravel, and the same is true of East Hill. To 
sink to any great depth would require good pumping and 
hoisting machinery, but what such machinery would cost we 
could not form an estimate. Boise Ba-in his probably 
produced as much gold as any camp in any part of the world 
within the history of placer mining. California had areas 
of ground richer than any that has been worked in this Basin, 
but no one camp of California had such an extent of pay 
ground as the Basin, and never turned out as much gold. 
This information we get from miners who were pioneers of 
both California and Boise Basin. If geologists and scientific 
mining men would come and see for themselves the formation 
of the peculiar deposits of Boise Basin, and with a knowledge 
of the enormous amount of gold this section has produced, we 
have no doubt that their theory would be that the first desposits 
are richest, and that they would at once proceed to demonstrate 
the theory by exploration. Drifting has been extensively 
carried on in Gold Hill below several strata of this "false bed- 
rock." How far down this peculiar formation continues, 
and how rich the ground below is, 16 a question that explora- 
tions only will answer. 



6*4 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

There are millions upon millions in the quartz ledges that 
fed those placers, and there is undoubtedly a mammoth ledge 
running through the northern part of the Basin — the principal 
feeder of the placers — yet to be discovered. Who can 
estimate the millions of dollars that Boise Basin has turned out, 
and who can tell how many millions are yet untouched, stored 
away in placers and quartz, awaiting the advent of capital, 
backed by energy? The mines of Boise Basin are by no 
means exhausted. Really development has scarcely begun 
to be made." 

Timber. — Aside from the raining interest, Boise County 
has the finest body of timber in Western Idaho. The 
county is estimated to contain more than 1,000,000 acres of 
the finest pine and fir, besides great quantities suitable for 
fencing, etc. Nearly all this timber is easy of access. It is 
idle to predict to what magnitude the industry will be carried 
in this county, but there is no doubt but the Boise Basin 
forests will supply a demand wide-spread and remunerative. 

Agriculture. — Boise County is essentiallj a mining 
countrv, and does not boast of much agricultural land, yet she 
has some beautiful bodies of tillable soil open to cultivation. 

Gardkn Valley, a name most happily bestowed, on 
account of its scenic features and great fertility, is fifteen 
miles north of Idaho City, on the middle fork of the Payette 
River. The soil is very rich and productive, and all kinds of 
fruir, grain and vegetables are grown to perfection. 

Long Yalley, the largest body of farming land in the 
county, is seventy-five miles in length, by fifteen wide, and 
lies at an altitude of 3,700 feet. It is very sparsely settled, 
though the soil is rich, and timber for all purposes abundant. 

These valleys are the most important, but there are dozens 
of little nooks suitable for dairying and small farming, hidden 
in the sheltered slopes of the mountains. 

Idaho City, the seat of Boise County, has had a distinctly 
checkered career. In 1864, the town, then known as Bannock, 
boasted a population of 7,000 or 8,000 souls. On the 18th 
day of May, 1865, a fire destro3 r ed the whole city, and 
thousands were left homeless, but with the hardihood and 



UE.NTKAL, AJND WESTEKN IDAHO. 65 

undaunted spirit of true pioneers, the town soon rose Sphynx- 
like from her own ashes. Subsequently two other fires, 
equally as destructive, reduced the apparently doomed city to 
ashes, but despite the fate which promised annihilation in 
a baptism of fire, the city was again re-built, and it is to be 
hoped the brave citizens may not be called upon again to 
pass through a fiery ordeal of such magnitude. Like most old 
mining towns, there are evidences on every hand of ''the good 
old days." Houses, hastily constructed, that have withstood 
the waring elements of nearly a quarter of a century, hob- 
nob with the more aristocratic and pretentious architecture 
of more modern times. The numerous banks of boulders, 
seen from the streets of the town, on the creeks, and extending 
far up the mountain side, show the spots where untold millions 
have been exhumed and harnessed to the service of mankind. 
But Idaho City is not given to retrospection — she looks to the 
future instead of the past. Her citizens are wide-awake and 
enterprising, her schools, churches and society are the very 
best, and the lawlessness that characterized her earlier years 
has been completely banished. The inviting "ring of the 
church going bell," and the merry shout of the school boy have 
replaced the noise and confusion of the excited rabble that 
once swarmed the populous streets. 

Idaho City is reached by daily stage from Kuna station, 
on the O. S. L. R. R. via Boise City. It is thirty-six miles 
from the Capital. There is a bank and express office, several 
stores of general merchandise, a first class hotel, (the Luna 
House.) and the usual complement of saloons: , The Idaho 
World is alive to the interest of the county, and issues weekly 
and semi-weekly a paper full of snap and vigor. The altitude 
is 4,263 feet, the population 1,000. 

Centerville, nine miles from Idaho City, is supported 
entirely by the mines, and fills a local demand among the 
miners for staples and supplies. The drive from Idaho City 
is one of the most pleasant imaginable. Bowling along over 
the verdure-dad mountains, through sentinel lines of gigantic 
firs, by brawling, foam-flecked brooks, up the inclines, down 
the grades, the air sweet with the perfume of wild syringa and 



66 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

clematis, and the pungent odor of the fir, one appreciates what 
it is to live among the mountains, "rocked ribbed and ancient." 
At Center ville, Mr. C. C. Meliert feeds the hungry, clothes 
the needy, and rejoices the inner man — in other words, he 
keeps a general merchandise store, a hotel and refreshment bar. 
The town shipped last year, (1885,) per express, in gold bullion 
and dust $13,215, in silver bullion and amalgam $7,873, and 
total $51,088. The population of Centerville is 10'), and the 
altitude 4,825 feet. 

Placerville is three miles from Centerville. The mines 
have been worked since the first discoveries, but still yield 
well and pay handsomely. The mines last year snipped per 
express, gold bullion and amalgam, to the amount of $115,833. 
There are several stores of general merchandise, saloons, livery 
stables, etc., and a first-class hotel, (The International.) by 
Mrs. M. Steckler. Messrs. Myer & Smith keep a large and 
varied assortment of general merchandise, drugs and medicines, 
with an assay office in connection. There is a good school, 
and the people are heartily hospitable with the old time 
courtesy of pioneers. The camp will continue to be as im 
portant in, mining as any in the Basin, the diggings showing 
up well from season to season. The population is about 200, 
and altitude 5,100 feet. 

Quartzburg. — The principle points of interest in Quartz- 
burg are the mills and mines of The Gold Hill Mining and 
Milling Company, and the House of Blazes. The first of these 
are the property of Coughanonr & Co., a more detailed descrip- 
tion x)f which will be fonnd in the article on mining. About 
seventy men are employed in and around the mines, and it has 
been a paying property since the present owners purchased it. 
For more specific information concerning the House of Blazes, 
the reader is referred to the advertisement in the directory. 
The shipment of gold bullion and dust in 1885, from Quartz- 
burg, was $159,500. 



OJflNTKAL AND WK8TEKJN IDAHO. 87 



WASHINGTON COUNTY. 

Geographically speaking, Washington is the sun set 
county of Idaho, lying on the extreme western border of the 
territory. It was organized on February 20th, 1879, from 
parts of Ada and Idaho counties, and has an area of 3,000 
square miles. From the first settlement of the territory the 
Weiser country has been known and spoken of as a marvel for 
agriculture and stock-raising, and later on for its mineral 
wealth. In the fall of 1884 the O. S. L. K. K. was completed 
to Weiser, and a new era opened for the people of an already 
thriving community. New industries were developed, more 
capital employed, and broader views of trade and commerce 
helped the county <on to its present prosperous condition. 
Farming in this county is second only to stock raising, and 
almost fabulous reports have from time to time been made 
concerning the productions of grain and vegetables. 

Weiser Valley proper is fifteen miles long by five 
wide, and is all capable of cultivation. There are still some 
sections of good soil subject to entry, and as 12,000 acres of 
land will be covered by the Weiser Company's Canal, the 
intending settler can be accommodated with water for irriga- 
tion. The ditch is seventeen and one-quarter miles in length, 
and covers the best portion of the farming land. The owners 
are Messrs. T. C. Galloway, J. W. McCnlley and T. M. Hart. 

Mann's Creek Valley, the lower end of which is five 
miles east of Weiser, is twenty miles long with an average 
width of two miles, and is a thickly settled community of 
farmers and stock-men. Fruit grows splendidly and seems 
less liable to frost-kill than in many other parts of the country. 
Cereals and all kinds of vegetables produce abundantly. The 
surrounding hills are low, and being thickly covered with 
nutritious bunch grass, the farmers generally combine stock- 
raising with agriculture. In fact, this is usually the case 



68 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 



throughout Washington County, the valleys all lying in the 
very heart of the stock -growers paradise. 

Thousand Spring's Yalley is five miles east of Mann's 
Creek. It is small, being live miles long by two and one-half 
wide, but extremely fertile, and, as its name implies, is covered 
with springs, so that no irrigation is required. 

Middle Weiser Valley is ten miles long by six wide, 
surrounded by mountains, and watered by the Weiser Kiver. 
A great many excellent farms have been opened there within 
the past year, and there is still land to be had for the taking, 
The homes of those who have resided there for some years, 
look thrifty, and have an air of the well-to-do farmer, which 
one may reasonably expect to see in the whole valley iu a few 
years. The soil is as productive as any, and the surrounding 

stock- range is excellent. The valley is twenty-one miles from 
the county seat. 

Salubria Yalley is probably more thickly settled than 
any other in the county. Crossing over a low divide of five 
miles from Middle Weiser Yalley, one looks down upon 
Salubria, nestling like a garden amid the forest-clad mountains. 
It is a beautiful sight in summer, and one well calculated to 
inspire a feeling of enthusiasm for the picture of rural peace 
and plenty, spread out in all its rich coloring below. Beautiful 
residences peeping from groves of popla** or locust, substantial 
stables, barns, and granaries, vast fields of waving grain, 
orchards bowing to the very earth under the weight of their 
own frnitfnlness — such is the scene. Little Weiser and Big 
Weiser Rivers flow, one on either side, and making a con- 
fluence at the lower end form the valley, which is ten miles 

long by eight miles wide. The best land is settled and 
improved. 

Indian Yalley, lying twelve miles east of Salubria, is 
another of the rich communities, and is very similar in character 
to its neighbor. Its size is twelve miles long by eight wide. 

Council Yalley is ten miles north of Indian Yalley, and 
contains some fine farming land. There is still room for 
settlement, and to anyone in search of a home we would say, 
take a survey of Council Yalley before deciding. Its size is 
ten miles long by six wide. 



CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 69 

Price Valley- is twenty -five miles north-east of Council, 
and is yet but thinly settled, and therefore offers another 
chance to the home seeker. We have no positive evidence as 
to its capability as a farming country, but have every reason to 
believe it will compare favorably with the other valleys. 

Little Salmon Meadows is twelve miles long by eight 
wide, and is located ten miles from Price Yalley. One 
enthuiastic resident there says it is the garden spot of Idaho. 
It is, indeed, a most beautiful place. The surrounding moun- 
tains are heavily timbered with pine and fir, crystal streams, 
in which myriads of trout disport themselves, course through 
it, while long vistas of natural meadows enrich the picture. 

Paddock Valley, fifteen miles east from the town of 
Weissr, is nearly round, and about four miles in diameter. 

Crane's Creek Valley is situated twenty-five miles east of 
Weiser. It is sixteen miles long by three wide. 

This completes the list of valleys. Although small, they 
are exceedingly fertile, and the greater portion require no 
irrigition. Laying every other interest aside, Washington 
would be a rich and prosperous county with its ngricultural 
industry alone But fortunately its resources are many and 
varied, and chief among them is Stock-Raising. The range is 
not confined to the Weiser country, but the neighboring section 
across Snake River, called vaguely "the Malheur," is one of the 
greatest stock-ranges in the north-west. The number of cattle in 
the county has been placed at 25,000. but many of the cattle-men, 
who have nomas on the Weiser or some of its tributaries, own 
large herds on the Malheur River, which is in the state of Oregon. 
The estimate given is approximately correct as to the county, 
but is far off as to the number of cattle owned by actual residents. 
If stock are wintered in the valleys described ab'»ve, they are 
fed and sheltered for a month or six weeks during the coldest 
weather, but as the drive to Snake River where they need no 
cut feed, is short, it is not generally followed. The industry is 
fast assuming gigantic proportions, and is about the surest 
road to wealth, or at least a competency, in which a live man 
can engage. 



70 CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 

Mineral. — This resource is described in the chapter on 
mining. 

Weiser, seat of Washington County, is located on the 
north bank of Weiser River, a short distance above its con- 
fluence with the Snake. Its natural advantages for a perma- 
nent and steady growth are of such a nature and so multi- 
farious, as to warrant the belief that the place will become a 
city of considerable importance in a period not very remote. 
It is surrounded by a very rich body of agricultural land, and 
the opportunities for developing in stock-raising, horticulture, 
and cereal producing interests are manifold. These facts 
are being taken advantage of y early by persons who engage 
in the pursuits of the husbandman and stock-grower. New 
lands are being opened up, and an increase in the acreage 
sown to grain and otherwise cultivated is being annually 
made. It is mainly to the stock-growing and agricul- 
tural interest, that the rapid growth of the place is due, 
though to the mines of Mineral and Ruthbnrg she is indebted 
for a large and remunerative trade. It would be an excellent 
point for the erection of manufactories of all kinds, as it has 
an immense and easily utilized water power. Tf the superior 
facilities for the manufacturing of woolen goods oiiered by 
these unexcelled water privileges were taken advantage ot ? 
the investment in such an enterprise would prove a profitable 
one. When the Oregon Short Line Railway was constructed 
in 1884, Weiser was a thriving little village of two hundred 
inhabitants, but the company saw lit to locate the depot two 
miles distant, which proved very inconvenient and detrimental 
to the town. The railway has now moved the depot to within 
an half mile of Weiser. A new impetus has thereby been given 
to all branches of trade, and to-day Weiser's prospects are 
brighter than ever before. There is a bank and express office,. 
a first class weekly newspaper, (The Weiser Leader,) good 
schools, churches and society, and all that goes make a first-clasi 
western village of 800 inhabitants. 

Salubria is located a short distance above the junction of 
the two Weiser Rivers, at an elevation of 2,500 feet. It is 
only within the last two years that it has attracted, attention. as> 



OEJVTKAL &JSD WKSTKKJN iUAHO. 71 

a place of any commercial importance, but the rapid settlement 
by a thrifty class of farmers, the discovery of the mines, and a 
growing demand for an adequate means of supply, caused 
merchants and other business men to recognize the eligibility 
of the point for the establishment of trade. The town site was 
laid oft on October 10th, 1834-; the growth has been steady, 
and the present outlook is very promising. Besides the usual 
complement of stores and shops, there is a church and 
public school. The location is excellent, and its climatic 
features unsurpassed. The nearest railway station is Weiser, 
thirty-six miles distant, reached by tri- weekly stage. The 
country immediately surrounding Salubria is picturesque 
remarkably fertile, and statistics show it to be second to no 
other section of the territory in point of agricultural production. 
It is located in the heart of a rich pastoral region, the pro- 
ductions of which contributes largely towards swelling the exports 
of the county At no very distant day we look for Salubria to 
take its place among the important towns of Idaho. The 
population is 200. 



SOME ODDS AND ENDS. 



TIMBER. 

The mountains of Idaho are heavily clothed with forests of 
pine and tir. The amount of timber of fine quality on upper 
Boise Kiver alone is immense. It extends into the mountains 
a distance of forty or fifty miles, and is estimated to contain 
from fifty to sixty million feet of good merchantable timber. 
The upper Weiser River and Little Salmon country, in Washing- 
ton County, bristles with forests of pine, fir and cottonwood 



72 CENTRAL, AND WESTERN IDAHO. 



In the valleys cottonwood, willow and birch grow abundantly? 
and furnish most of the fencing and fuel in these parts. Of 
the timber land, the best trees are found at medium elevations, 
and are accessable by ordinary logging roads. They have a 
value depending on their nearness to market or to streams of 
sufficient size to float the logs. 



PRICE OF LAND. 

A good deal of inquiry and observation inclines to the 
belief that the average price of improved land in Idaho is 
from $15 to $30 per acre. Unimproved land from $5 to $15 
per acre. A great many considerations go to effect the price 
of land, such as the remoteness or proximity to market, the 
kind of soil, or whether there are improvements, such as 
fences, dwellings, barns and water privileges. 



SCHOOLS, 

Every intelligent American citizen recognizes the par- 
amount importance of education and mental culture, and when 
he contemplates moving from one country to another with his 
famil}', it is but natural and right that he should look to it that 
his children should receive in their new home the privileges 
and benefits of a liberal education. The home-seeker coming 
to Idaho will not be disappointed in her educational facilities. 
The school law provides that all moneys accruing from the sale 
of all lands heretofore given, or which may hereafter be given 
by the Congress of the United States, for school purposes in 
said Territory, and all moneys that may hereafter be given and 
appropriated by the Congress of the United States for school 
purposes, unless the same by special provisions shall be 
appropriated for the establishment of a university or other 



CENTRAL AND WESTERN IDAHO. 73 

■ — — —■■■- — - — ■ — ■ ■■ — — ■-—■■■ ■■■,— ■),■ ■■■■■■ n 

high-schools, together with any moneys by legacy or otherwise 
donated for educational purposes, and appropriated for the 
general fund, and all moneys accruing to the Territory from, 
unclaimed moneys from the estates of deceased persons, shall be 
set apart and shall constitute an irreducible and indivisible 
Territorial General School Fund, the interest only accruing 
from which shall be appropriated to the respective counties of 
the Territory, in the manner herein specified and directed. 
For the purpose of establishing and maintaning public schools 
in the several counties of the Territory, it is the duty of the 
County Commissioners of each county, at the time of levying 
the taxes for county and territorial purposes, to levy a tax of 
not less than two mills, nor more than eight mills on each and 
every dollar of taxable property in their respective counties fur 
school purposes. The proceeds of fines and forfeitures, and 
certain licenses, also go to the county school fund. 



"A WORD TO THE WISE, ETC." 

The same qualities, mental, physical, and moral, are 
necessary to success here as elsewhere. The day has passed 
in Idaho, as well as in all parts of the Pacific Coast, where 
fortunes could be accumulated in a few weeks or months. Any 
one coming here without the courage to labor and the patience 
to wait, is liable to meet with disappointment; but those who 
unite frugal habits with persevering industry, who have 
good health coupled with true American grit, need have no fears 
in coming to Idaho. Those who are unwilling to work and 
expect to live b} 7 their wits are not wanted, and will find them, 
selves in hot water if they come. This is the poorest field in 
the United States for idlers. No one should think of 
emigrating to this or any other country, without sufficient 
money to support himself and those dependent on him, for a 
few months at least after arrival — he would be sadly lacking in 
duty who would expose his family to even the chance of 



?4 CENTRAL AND WESTERN Il>AHO. 

destitution and suffering. It is true that the right man can 
generally find work of one kind or another at guod wages, but 
suitable employment can not always be had. Families who 
contemplate settling on lands will leqnire, after paying all 
travelling expenses, from $500 to $1,000 with which to put up 
houses and barns and buy farming implements, seed and 
provisions. It will be remembered that in the article on 
farming a few cases are cited of men who have made lor them- 
selves homes in Idaho; but it must be borne in mind that they 
were men of exceptional business capacity and unusual stamina 
of character. Farmers of limited capital who do-not see their way 
clearly, who are doubtful and uncertain about the future of 
their children, will find in Idaho all desirability, and a chance 
for the children to make homes for themselves. They should 
have sufficient capital to meet expenses for one year. To young 
men in the overcrowded parts of the East who can not rise 
because all the avenues are blocked, who can not sink because 
honor and pride forbid — if you are industrious, sober and 
patient, we want you, and can promise almost certain success as 
a settler. 

Clerks and salesmen unaccustomed to labor and having no 
means of their own, would probably fail to secure a position at 
once, and would consequently meet with disappointment and 
perhaps hardship. The professions are all well represented, such 
as lawyers, doctors and surveyors. Practical workmen and 
skilled mechanics can find positions at good wages. Girls and 
young women can find employment in families, at wage6 
ranging $3.50 to $6,00 per week. 

The capitalist seeking an investment will not fail to note 
the varied natural resources of the territory. Its great advan- 
tages for manufactories, its connection with the great marts of 
trade by the transcontinental lines of railway; the immense 
capacity and richness of the mines; the broad, exhaustless 
grazing land; in a word, a fertility of resource unequalled by 
any other country on the face of the globe. 



CENTKAL, AND WESTERN IDAHO. 75 



A SUMMARY. 

In summarizing the foregoing pages, we find that millions 
of acres are yet to be brought under cultivation, exhaustless 
wealth yet lies in the unexplored depths of the earth. Ophir ne'er 
possessed more abundant riches than await the persevering 
industry of the miner in this fair land. We can offer home- 
steads to all who come. Our mountain sides are thicklv studded 

a/ 

with forests of splendid timber — our climate is the ultima 
T/mle of perfection. We present to the stock-raiser an unsur- 
passed and almost illimitable field. For size and flavor our 
fruits excel any other state or territory, and our cereal pro- 
ductions equal any. Natural water-power for manufacturing 
industries is to be found in every valley. Our superior school 
system is the proudest boast of our citizens. What more could 
be asked ? It is true we have grown very slowly in population 
in the past, but our people have been exceptionally prosperous. 
The territory is capable of sustaining a large population, and 
providing for each inhabitant not only well, but luxuriously. 
The expression, "industrious poor," can never be applied to any 
resident of Idaho, for industry and poverty are never coupled 
here. Materially and morally we are steadily increasing. The 
vital statistics show we have the lowest ratio of mortality in the 
United States. 

The social status is the most refined, and churches, schools, 
libraries, lyceums, literary clubs and other societies cultivate 
the best impulses and characteristics in the human heart. 




CENTRAL AND WESTERN 



M&9ud HSffistawas WMm^ww® 



FOR i8M6-7± 



*m^ 



Giving Name, Business and Address of Business and 

Professsional men arranged Alphabetically 

by Towns. 



COMPILED BY 



Virgil E. Greene and Charles A, Greene, 



^)M(&^ 



For description of ToAvns see foregoing pages. 



Business Directory. 



:o:- 



ATLANTA. 



Alturas County. 

Aylwin Gad, gen. mdse. 

Casey James H. & Co., saw-mill 

and brewery. 
David Nelson, brewery and saloon. 
Spath Leonard, shoemaker. 
Swanholm Henry, gen. mdse. 



BELLEVUE. 



Alturas County. 

Alexander M., gen. mdse. 
Anderson G. F., jeweler. 
Chronicle Bellevue (The,) 
Carothers J. E. & Co., gen. mdse. 
Delano & Clay, groceries. 
Haller W., jeweler. 
Harris J. H.. attorney at-law. 
Larson N. C, hardware. 
McCornick & Co., bankers. 
McFall Mathew, hotel. 
Nadel M., clothing and varieties. 
Redway & Dix. gen. mdse. 
Waters* G. L.. attorney at-law. 
Wells C, blacksmith. 



4m 



G.F.ANDERSON, 

k Haiti «»! iiwilit f 

MAIN STREET, BELLEVUE, IDAHO. 






f\ 





Choice line of Factory Goods always on hand. 
Repairing a Specialty. 

MAIN STREET, BELLEVUE, 



80 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



BOISE CITY. 



Ada County. 

Adelmann R. C, saloon. 

Ballot Adolph, jeweler. 

Barton J. H., Presbyterian clergy- 
man. 

Barnwell Richard, painter and 
paper-hanger. 

Benneit J. R., furniture. 

Bettis H. S., dentist, 

Boomer A. H., agent W., F. & Co. 

Brodbeck J., brewer. 

Brown Jonas W., attorney at-law. 

Brumback & Lamb, (J. Brumback. 
J. M. Lamb, attorneys at-law. 

Bryon William, city marshal. 

Cahalan T. D., attorney at-law. 

Curtis T. J., probate judge. 

Curtis E. J., attorney at-law. 

Chinn C. D., feed stable and corral. 

Cartee L. F., nurseryman. 

Carothers F. P., nurseryman. 

Cole C. R.. auctioneer. 

Collister Ceo., physician. 

Coffin Frank. R, & Bro., agricultural 
implements and hardware. 

Davis G. H., superintendent of 
schools and rector of St. Michaels 
Episcopal Church. 

Davis & Himrod, grocers. 

Democrat, Idaho (The,) Jud Boy- 
akin editor and proprietor. 

DuBois J. K.. physician. 

Eastman Bros., hotel. 

Ellsworth C, sewing machines. 

Epstein & Logan, furnishing goods. 

Falk Bros., gen. mdse. 

Fallon W. O., Paciric clerk and 
agent Pacific Express. 

First National Bank of Idaho, John 
Huntoon cashier. 

Flanagan J., brick manufacturer. 

Flenner J. D. clergyman, (Metho- 
dist.) 

Funkhouser, attorney at-law. 

Gess G. W., butcher. 

Girard A. C, physician. 

Hanson John, book-keer, C. Jacob's 
wholesale house. 

Hart J.H., saloon. 

Hartlieb Francis, clergyman (Cath- 
olic.) 

Hesse E. H., surveyor. 

Heron D., assessor and collector. 

Heymanson Ben. varieties. 

Huston & Gray. (Joe Huston John 
S. Gray.) attorneys at-law. 

Holt Mrs. E. J., milliner. 



Jacobs C, wholesale liquors, flour, 
cigars, bacon. 

January I. W.. physician. 

Jaumann W. H., saloon, 

Johnson R. Z., attorney at-law. 

Kingsley (has. S., photographer. 

Kurtz & Kimball, forwarding and 
commission. 

Lacbapelle A. G., undertaker. 

Lawton J. C, agent Hartford sew- 
ing machine and boot maker. 

Lemp John, brewery and saloon. 

Leyerzaph Charles, gunsmith. 

Maupin Thomas, blacksmith. 

McConnell C. S., auditor and re- 
corder. 

Milne J. B., blacksmith. 

Moar O. L., dentist. 

Moody Silas W., attorney at-law 
and Territorial Controller. 

Miller A. O., nurseryman. 

Moore C. W., livery stable. 

Newman George. H.. clergyman 
(Baptist.) 

Northrup W. N.. city treasurer. 

Nourse Frank A., forwarding and 
commission. 

Nye Win. H., druggist and phar- 
macist. 

O'Neil J., hotel. 

Pefley P. J., harness and saddlery. 

Perrault. Watlington & Co.. sad- 
dlers. 

Pinney James A., books, stationery, 
and fancy goods. Agent Stud- 
baker Wagon Co. 

Pope S.. physician. 

Post John A., postmaster. 

Pride D. P. B., attorney at-law. 

Republican Boise City (The,) D. 
Bacon, proprietor. 

Reed R. B. & Co.. gen. mdse. 

Ridenbaugh W. H., lumber. 

Robie & Higgins, saloon. 

Shainwald Bros., gen. mdse. 

Smith E., physician. 

Smith H. A. & Co., druggists. 

Sonna Peter, wagons and hardware. 

Speigel D. gen. mdse. 

Statesman The Idaho. Kelly & 
Krebs proprietors. 

Stephens J. L.. physician. 

Stevenson Chas. C attorney at-law. 

Tage E. B.. county treasurer. 

Vass Geo., furniture. 

Wilson J. P.. sheriff. 

Wood & Wilson. (Fremont Wood 
and Edgar Wilson, attorneys at- 
law. 

Yaryan A. S.. restaurant, 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



81 



BOISE SODA FACTORY, 



MANUFACTURES 



Soda Water, Ginger Us, M hr ui Vanilla, Cream Ma. 

ALL ORDERS I»JROIwffI>TIL,"S' ATTENDED TO. 

Main Street, Boise City, Idaho. 

FRANK EHLERS, PROP. 

P. O. Box, 105. 



J. C. LAWTON, 

Boot and Shoe Maker, 

—And Agent for the— 

=HHRTF0RD SEWING MACHINE = 

With Kurtz & Kimball, 

Cor. Sixth and Main Streets. 

Boise City, Idaho. 



RICHARD BARNWELL, 

mm, m ram 

AND CALSOMINEK, 
BOISE CITY. IDAHO. 



JOHN LEMP, 



PROPRIETOR 



\1/ 



BOISE 



\!/ 
7j\ 



BREWERY! 



WHOLESALE DEALER IN 



Tl 

H 



RiP k Dfl 



mm: 





WMMMm STRUT. 

BOISE CITY. I. T. 



82 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



SHAINWALD BROTHERS 



WHOLESALE AND EETAIL 



Dfita i G 



eiaiiiikuou 



j 



DRT OhOj 



•?> 



CLOTHING, 
Boots and Shoes 




Wall Paper and Oil Cloths 

ris: in Quutilin P Choicest and Lowest. 

TOBACCO AND CIGARS, 

AT WHOLESALE PRICES. 

HIGHEST CASH PRICE PAID FOR GRAIN, WOOL, 
AND PRODUCE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 

BOISE CITY. 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 83 



WILLIAM H. NYE, 

DRUGGIST, 

CORNER MAIN AND EIGHTH STREETS, 

BOISE CITY, IDAHO. 

GHAS. S. KINGSLEY, 

ARTISTIC PHOTOGRAPHER 

Best Light and Equipment in the Territory. 

All work made by instantaneous method. Guaranteed 

first class and satisfactory. Prices moderate. 

Gallery on ground floor, two doors north of 

Central Hotel. 

Wm. B. Kurtz. Nelson F. Kimball. 



GENERAL 




FiWAMI & CliSSl lEHiTS. 

KUNA AND BOISE CITY. 

ALL GOODS MARKED IN CARE OF K. & K. WILL 
RECEIVE PROMPT ATTENTION. 



84 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 






\SkVW\vW ^ 



m 



AUCTIONEER 



All Business Attented to Promptly. 



BOISE CITY, IDAHO. 



F. P. CAROTHErtS, 



m 



9m 



All Varieties Fruit Trees 
and Shrubbery 

Orders from abroad carefully filled and 

satisfaction guaranteed. 

BOISE CITY. 



DANSKIN BROS. 

Gattle— Growers and Skip 

Addkess, Boise Cut, Idaho. 



J. P. MILNE, 

GENERAL BLACKSMITH. 

WAGON REPAIRING. 

Horse shoeing, Ox shoeing, and repairing 
plows and all kinds of farmers tools 
and machines are made a specialty 
and will be done with dis- 
patch . Satisfaction 
guaranteed . 



A. O. MILLER, 



mww> VwwcP> vk 



' vWv\S.V\\Vv ' 



Fruit trees of all kinds for sale. 

Also in season Apples, Peaches, Pears, 

Plums, Apricots, Grapes, etc., in 

quantities to suit Orders from 

abroad carefully filled. 

North-side Ninth St., on road to Boise 

Bridge. 



FEED STABLE AND CORRAL, 

By C. D. CHnSTN". 



Best of attention. Plently of feed and reasonable prices. 

Horses boarded by day, week or month. Hay and 

grain for sale. 

Cor. of Ninth and Bannock Streets, Boise City. 



BUSINESS DIRECTOR?. 86 



T. D. CAHALAN, 

ATTORNEY AT-LAW. 

Will practice in Ada, Alturas, Boi^e, Owyhee, and Washing- 
ton Counties, and the Supreme Court of Idaho. 
Reference — Try Me. 

'BOISE CITY, IDAHO, 

Caldwell, Idaho. Boise City, Idaho. 

FRANK R. COFFIN & RRO., 

Iron & M, Plows & Agricultural ImpUments. 

hardware™* 

GUNS, SPORTING GOODS, AND MANUFACT- 
URERS OF TINWARE. 

BOISE CITY, IDAHO. • 






J - BL- ]B jSJSF n ^ 



Manufacturer of and 



Dealer in Furniture. 

Corner Main and 8th Streets, opposite P. Sonna's. 

A complete assortment of all kinds of Furniture always on hand. Orders by mail 
promDtly attended to. No extra charge for packing. For prices apply to 

Boise Oitsr, Id.ala.o- 

Adolph Ballot, 

PRACTICAL 

VV/1 1 uaiu/mRft oc lift Wftiiftn, 

BOISE CITY, IDAHO, Cor Main and 9th Streets, Opp. P. Sonna's. 

All kicds of Clocks, Watches an* Jewelry carefully repaired and satisfaction guar- 
anteed. Fine Clocks and Watches a specialty Ordeis from a distance 
promptly attended to. Full and complete stock of Watches, 
Clocks and Jewelry 



86 BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



James Flannagan, 



Upper end ot Main Street, on Warm Spring's Road, keeps 

constantly on hand 



BEST QUALITY OF BRICKS. 

In quantities to suit. Brick in small lots must be cash at 

the yard. 




DEALER IN 



Furniture & Upholstery. 

Large and varied assortment of 

BED-ROOM SETS, BED STEADS, BUREAUS, EXTEN- 
SION TABLES, PATENT ROCKERS, EASY 
CHAIRS, PARLOR AND DINING 
ROOM SETS. 
Cor. of Seventh and Idaho Streets. Opposite Central Hotel. 

PONY SALOON, 

Robie & Higgins, Props. 

MAIN STEET, - BOISE CITY. 

Next door east of Brnmm's Jewelry Store. 

Keeps on hand the best and purest brands of 

in the market. Also, best brands of CIGARS, and made exclusively by White- 
Labor. Our 

'KNIGHTS OF LABOR" 

Cigar is one of the best brands made. Give us a call. 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



87 



. o. oft 1 I io, if. if. ft 



H 



) 



Perrault Building, Corner Main and Seventh Sts., Boise City. 

All work warranted. 



Geo. Pettengill. 



W. H. Davison. 






S^^VM^m^A^xW 




Wm$' 



p> 



Cor. Seventh and Idaho Sts., Boise City, Idaho. 

PETTENGILL & DAVISON, 

PROPRIETORS, 

Having taken possession of and thoroughly renovated this 
Hotel, we are now prepared to accommodate 
the Public with First-Class Board and 
Lodging at reasonable rates. 



P. J. PEFLEY, 



DEALER IN 



HARNESS, SADDLERY 

WHIPS, 



ass* 1 * 



BLANKETS, BITS AND SPURS. 

"STOCK SADDLES~A SPECIALTY," 



Main Street, Boise City, Idaho. 



88 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



JAMES A. PINNEY. 



DEALER IN- 



■Ms, Fcriodisals aid Moot. 



Pianos, Organs, Sheet Music, Fancy Goods and Notions. Also a fine stock of 
Breech-loading Shot Guns, Rifles and Ammunition. STf"Agent for the Cele- 
brated Studebaker Wagons, Carriages and Buggies. 
Main Street BOISE CITY, IDAHO. 



BROADFORD. 



Alturas County. 
Callahan Warren P.. gen. mdse. 
Cook L., proprietor Grove House. 
Cunningham C, gen. mdse. 
Sowden William, IXL saloon. 
Deviney & Furey, saloon. 



BULLION. 



Alturas County 
Dugray Katie Miss, boarding house , 
McDonald & Horton, saloon. 
Smith & Keiser, saloon. 
Snodgrass W., saloon 
Swift J. O. & Co., gen. mdse. 



L. COOK, Proprietor. 



■:o: 



Board by the meal, day, week or month. The best meals to be found in Broadfoid 
is at this house which is pleasantly situated in a beautiful grove on 

Pine Street. 






William Sowden, Prop. 

The choicest wines, liquors and cigars and a neat cozy place to stop. Pine street, 

BROADFORD. 

Exchange Saloon, 

DIVINEY & FUREY, Proprietors. 
Pure wine», liquors and cigars and a full line of fine <*ase goods. We have an ele- 
gant billiard table for the accomodation of our patrons. 

DEALER IV 

CLOTHING, BOOTS and SHOES, STATIONERY, 

O-olcL I?e:ris, 3Fa/te:n.t ILviEeca.icin.es <Sc G-roceries 

Of all kinds. ff3=Shipping address: Idaho, via Oregon Short Line Railroad., 

BROADiTORD, IDAHO. 



.BUttiJN'fcSS DIRECTOR*. 



89 



CALDWELL. 

Ada County. 

Becker Guy. saloon. 

Cox & Martin, druggists. 

Campbell & Black, livery and feed 
stable 

Coffin Frank R. & Bro.. agricultu- 
ral implements, wagons, etc. 

Fahy Bros . saloon, 

Farmer's Hotel. 

Gwinn & Baker, gen", mdse. 

Hesse E. H.. surveyor. 



Howard. Sebree & Co , agricultural 

implements. 
Isham A. F. Dr., druggist. 
Liggett House. 
Lee C. E., physician. 
Little & Co., druggists. 
Moe S. N., watch-maker and 

jeweler. 
Picard & Roberts, fresh and salt 

meats. 
Pacific Hotel. 

Reed Charles H . attorney at-law. 
Tribune Caldwell (The.) 
Wilson Eli H.. shoemaker. 



1 fHWHW If riff- 
MLrtifti I null 



The Best Accommodations for the least Money. 



Board and Lodging, per week, 

U If ll 

'■ day - 
Single Meals, 
Beds, 



$6.50 

5 25 

1.00 

50 

25 



LIGGETT ST LIGGETT, 

Proprietors. 



!. IT. HOE, 

Watchmaker & Jeweler, 

DEALER IN 

Fine Watches, Clocks, Jewelry and Silverware. JCf"Repairinj? done in a First-class 

manner and Satisfaction Guaranteed. 
FRONT AVENUE. - - CALDWELL, IDAHO. 



90 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



COX & MARTIN, 



DEALERS IN- 



Drugs, Patent Medicines, Fine Liquors, Toilet Articles, Lamps 

and Lamp Fixtures, Blank Books, Stationery, Faints, 

Oils and Brushes. 

CALDWELL, - - - IDAHO. 




mix*/, 

-WHOLESALE AND RJlTATL DEALERS IN 



ft 

'HI 



.3, SiM Eui, S 



AND SHOULDERS. 



c^.Xj^>^7v r ^:i J i J . 



IDAHO. 



@3§£®WM£M, I9^M0. 



9 

Situated in the centre of the Boise Yalley on the O. S. L. R. 
R., is the garden spot of Idaho; it is here that 

LITTLES & Go., 

Sell Drugs, Paints, Oils, Wall Paper, Books, 
Stationery. Tobacco, Liquors, Etc. 

P. O. BUILDING. 

I«f lill I itttc4 t 

UVERY AND FEED STABLE 



:o:- 



WiU furnish any kind of turnout or saddle horses night or day at reasonable rates. 
Especial care taken of transient stock and satisfaction guaranteed. 

CALDWELL, IDAHO. 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



91 



CENTERVILLE. 



Boise County. 
Church — , gen. mdse. 
Meffert C. C, gen. indse. and hotel. 



CENTERVILL 



7j\ 



L 



O. C. RflEFFERT, Proprietor. 



-:o:- 



First-class accomodations at reasonable rates. The tables are 

always supplied with the best the market 

affords. 



:o: 



Are clean and comfortable and the rooms large and airy. 



■:o- 



Run in connection with the house is furnished with only the 

finest brands of Wines, Liquors and Cigars. 

Mr. Meft'ert also has 



Where may be found Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, 

Groceries and Provisions and a lull line of 

Miners' Supplies. 



92 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



EMMETT. 



Ada County. 
Badley D. L , blacksmith. 
Baker H B., surveyor. 
Baseoni A. gen. liidse. 



Blanchard E.G., saloon. 
Hammersly William, postmaster 

and real estate and collection 

agent. 
Murray D.» hotel. 
Ward well James, saw-mill. 



TBJJL iLM H 



-w 



Real Estate and Collection +&gcnt* 



•:o:- 



All bills entrusted to my care will receive prompt attention 
and accurate returns. P. O. Building, 

EMMETT, IDAHO. 

^. BiiSCOIvf, 



-DEALER IN- 



mw 






-:o:- 



And Gents Furnishing Goods, and a full assortment of To- 
bacco and Cigars ; Also a full line of Farming Im- 
plements, Wagons and Machinery. 
EMMETT, IDAHO. 



m* c m^MM^mM^m^ 



*[ 



— Near the post office. — 

At this favorite saloon can be found a class of Kentucky 

Liquors, California Wines, and a complete stock of 

imported goods. 

EMMETT, ..... IDAHO. 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



93 



B. Jt 9 JB.1KEM, C. JE, 



:o:- 



Surveying in all its branches. Lines established, Canals laid 
out and other work of the profession done with 
correctness. Correspondence solicited. 
EMMETT, IDAHO. 






nf}& 



Ik. 



Keeps constantly on hand at his saw mill in Emmett, Idaho, a 
large stock of well seasoned 

3£a tolled Flooring:, 

titling- Oeiling:. Rustic, 

Shingles, Lath, Pickets, 

and Moulding. 

JD. L. BAULEY. 

EMMETT, IDAHO, 

Will carry on the blacksmith business in all its branches. 
Special attention given to horse-shoeing and the repair- 
ing of farming implements and machinery. 



FALK'S STORE. 

Ada County. 
Cartwright W R, . postmaster. 
Cavanaugh W. F., carpenter and 

undertaker. 
Falk N. & Co , gen. mdse. 
Nelson John, saloon. 
Stafford George W., justice of the 
•peace. 



GALENA. 

Alturas County. 
Murray R.. saloon. 
Wilmoth F. M., hotel. 



HAILEY. 



Alturas County. 
Anderson V. S . attorney at-law. 
Baker H.W.. fruits. 
Banfield John M., livery stable 
Birkin C, butcher. 
Blossom James M. & Co., commis- 
sion merchant. 
Board C, lumber. 
Brew F. H., gen. mdse. 
Brown N. J. physician. 



Brunner, Parsons & Brunner, attor- 
neys at-law. 
Bull Charles, saloon. 
Burkhart A. Z . stationery. 
Burns J. W., butcher. 
Cavanah Frank P., mining engineer. 
Cederholm J. L , gen. mdse. 
Cliff & Sidebotham. hardware. 
Coffin Bros., iron mongery. 
Cramer E.. hides. 
Daft E , assayer. 
Ensign F. E., attorney at-law. 



94 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



Felsenthal S. Groham, metallurgist 

French J. saloon 

Fleming E. E Mrs., boarding and 
lodging. 

Fox J. C, gen. mdse 

Fuld Leon, variety. 

Ganahal Frank, attorney at-law. 

Garbett George, assayer. 

Hall W". T., real estate and collector. 

Harrington D., saloon 

Hawley & Ruick, attorneys at-law. 

Hendricks E. H., jeweler. 

Hogman J. W., manager Merchant's 
Hotel 

Hunter & White, props. Hailey 
saw-mill. 

Hyndmen William, attorney at-law 

Idaho Forwarding Co., groceries 
and liquors. 

Inter-Idaho, C. H. Clay, prop. 

Kingsbury T. J. fruits 

Kohlepp George, brewery. 

LeGrand Mrs. Mary, lodging house. 

Leatherdal Thos . manager Hailey 
theatrical circuit. 

Lemon E. B., attorney at-law. 

Lund & Anderson, gen. mdse. 

Nattini E. M., clergyman, (Cath- 
olic.) 

May & Kreig, crockery. 

McCornick & Co.. bankers. 

McCulloch Robert, attorney at-law. 

McKay Donald, prop. Hailey Hotel 

McKay & Figgins. physicians. 

Morrell J. K.., livery. 

Montandon A. F , attorney at-law. 



Morris W. H., blacksmith. 

Maxwell J. W., clergyman. (Metho- 
dist.) 

Nelson Charles, livery. 

Oldham & Co.. saloon. 

Phillips John T., manager Hailey 
iron works 

PlughoffH R.. harness and saddles. 

Price Lyttleton, attorney at-law.' 

Puckett M. A. Mrs., lodging house . 

Rainey & Campbell, saloon. 

Riley W. T.. real estate agent. 

Roberts G H., attorney at-law. 

Rowe Fred. H., lumber- 

Ruick Norman M., district attorney. 

Richards E. E., deputy clerk court. 

Rupert J. A., druggist. 

Sanders & Son. boots and shoes. 

Taylor Ira M , restaurant. 

True E. B.. county surveyor. 

Van Ness J. H , saloon. 

Vineyard Lycurgus, attorney at- 
law. 

Walker L. W., barber. 

Warren J. H & Co., butchers. 

Weber Phillip, barber. 

Werthheimer Leopold, gents fur- 
nishing goods. 

White E. A., cabinet work. 

Willman & Walker, gen. mdse. 

Wood River News-Miner, E. R. 
Richards editor. 

Wood River Times (The,) T. E. 
Picotte publisher. 

Yates W. W., assessor and tax col- 
lector. 








— And a complete line of- 



MAIN STREET, 



HAILEY, IDAHO. 



BUSINESS DIREOfORY. 



95 




111 

w 



WWi 



W.$& SVwWxW kw V.ssSS^ 'Svm«W\s5$$' WW& VSNNNCvW $ 



(Oldest Established House on Wood River.) 

— Wholesale and Retail Dealer in- 



HARNESS AND SADDLES, 

And Saddlery Hardware. Every article in the Saddlery line 

alwavs on hand. 
Main Street, - - ' - HAILEY, IDAHO. 



M"VW'J U.IIJ IH.JII.* 



98. e. e. fleimminc, 
Boarding & Lodging, 

Croy street, Strahorn Block, between Main and Court House. 

HAILEY, IDAHO. 



Wm W 



-Proprietor ot the 



V 



iEEei5.'le3r ZBrcTX7 - er37 _ ,; 



Supplies Hailey with T?eer bv the quart, gallon or kesr. Lower end of Main Street. 

BSM. J„ NICHOLS, 

PRACTICAL DRESSMAKER 



Cutting and Fitting a specialty. Bullion street west of Main, 

HAILEY, IDAHO. 



V. S. ANDERSON, 

^ttoriiey-at-Xia'W', 



HAILEY, IDAHO. 






SS^ ^SSSSS^ , 555®S^5SS.V^S^ WWXi \^$# %sS^ WWKwHHR 



| W 



BAN HARRINGTON, 



Proprietor.- 



Only the finest brands of Wines. Liquors and Cigars passed over the Bar, Main Strt, 

HA1LTCY, IDAHO. 



% 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW, 

Notary Public and Patent Lawyer, HAILEY, IDAHO. 



The Leading Newspaper of Idaho Territory. 






n 



(DAILY AND WEEKLY.) 

T. IE2_ PICOTTE, ^Proprietor. 



TBE TIMES, 

DAILY, 

Is a handsome paper, filled with local 

and mining news. Terms, *10 

per aominr*; six months, $5; 

ihree months, $2.50; one 

month, %\. 



THE TIMES, 

WEEKLY, 

Is a seven-column paper, containing a 

complete i esnme of the local, mining 

and general news of tbe week. 

Terms, per annum, $3; for 

six months, $1.50. 



Fine Job Printing a Specialty. 

Special Feature: — Forty novels or other works free as a premium to every yearly 
subscriber to the Weekly Times for one year. 

liirThis Offer is Positively Unparalelled. 

EVEMIMG IICTBR-IDAHO. 



ISSUED EVERY EVENING BY 
OFFICIAL PAPER OF ALTUKAS COUJNTY. 



TEEMS— By Mail : 

One year $8 00 | Six Months $5 GO 

Three Months 2 50 - | Per Week 25 Cents. 

The Inter-Idaho is issued both daily and weekly and is pre- 
pared to do first-class job work. 

T. J. KINGSBURY, 
Fruit Growers and Shippers. 

Nurseries on Dry Creek, near Boise City, and store room at 

Hailey, Idaho. 



BUSINESS DTRECTuKY. 97 

¥SOJii$# I$S¥SS$f{©ai$ 



-LOCAL MANAGER Of 



THE WOOD IIS Tiffifd CIMIT, 



Headquarters at Hailey where agents and managers may 

address him. 



Also dealer in Second-hand Goods and Undertaking. 



WINES, LIQUORS & CIGARS, 



•:o:- 



Beer by the Quart, Gallon or Glass. 

Finest establishment of the kind on Wood River, 12J & 15c. 

Main Street next door to the Post office. 
HAILEY, IDAHO. 



98 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



}i^. }£afy I<eGfrand, 

Lodging louse. 






First-class beds at popular prices. Clean neat and comfortable. 
Next door to Hailey Theatre. 



IDAHO CITY. 



Boise County. 

Barry E. . & Co.. gen. mdse. 

Boise County Bank, F. F. Church 
manager. 

Carvan Andy, barber. 

Carrol Timothy, auditor and recor- 
der. 

Cave & Hill, gen. mdse. 

Clarkson A., county commissioner 

Cooper Frank, baths and boarding. 

Cowan John, blacksmith. 

Davis & Mantz, blacksmiths. 

Davis Benjamin T., assessor and 
collector* 

Dunton Herbert W., district attor- 
ney. 

Duquette O. A., county commis- 
sioner. 

Emery J. B., gen. mdse. 

Garrecht John, county treasurer, 

Gorman John, sheriff'. 

Hart Thos. S., probate judge. 



Haug N.. brewer. 

Idaho World, Herman Jones and 
Charles Jones proprietors. 

Kennally John, hardware and agri- 
cultural implements. 

Kingsley C. S., attorney at-law. 

Luney M, G., prop. Luna House. 

Marcus C. Mrs., dry goods. 

Mautz William, shoemaker. 

McClintock D., livery. 

Meyer & Smith, gen. mdse. 

Miller Frank, manufacturer of 
syrups. 

Orchard Alexander, restaurant and 
bakery. 

Reel J, W. Mrs., dressmaker. 

Silsby S. C, stationery. 

Smith Isidor, gen. mdse. 

Smith C. W., barber. 

Stone G. F., connty commissioner. 

Tincher William, saloon. 

^Vilkie Chris, saloon. 

Yam Pon, Chinese goods. 

Zipf H., physician. 



JHE. Z5I2R JF*, 3VdC. I>. 

PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, 

Office one door above M. S. Marcus' store and opposite the 
World office, Main street, Idaho City, Idaho, 

:BiLi-£L.c:K:s:Lv£i , T , :Ea:s, 

Are now reartv to do General Blacksmi thing. All w«rk guaranteed to give entlie 

satisfaction. Don't forget, the stand, corner Main and Commercial Street, 

Opposite Boise County Bank. Davis & Mutz, Idaho City, Idaho. 



BUSINESS DTRHCTOBY. 99 



BATHS AND BOARDING,! 



•:o: 



FRANK COOPER, Proprietor. 

Having taken charge of this place of public resort, I have 

thoroughly renovated the establishment and am prepared 

to receive permanent boarders or transient guests. 

Hot and cold baths ready at all times, 

and every thing about 

the house kept clean and neat. The 

Ladies Department will be controlled by Mrs. 

Cooper and everything will be done to contribute to the 

comfort of the guests. IDAHO CITY. 






— MASttJTACTUKEK OF ALL KINDS OF — 



-DEALER IN- 



LIQUORS, WINES & CIGARS. 

(Fire-proof Brick Building.) 

% 

J Wall Street, IDAHO CITY, Idaho. 



ALSO F10F1I1 



C. 0- Kinsley, 



ATTORNEY AT LAW AND NOTARY PUBLIC. 

IDAHO CITY, IDAHO. 



100 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



M 







]Zi»iiiili 




in 

H 




ft 



) 



WVsf iSiVI^ of JWain Street, 

IDAHO CITY, - - - IDAHO TERRITORY. 

A. ORCHARD, PROPRIETOR. 

CONFECTIONARY AND BAKERY A SPECIALTY. 



J. C 



AVE. 



J. Hill. 



«\^ wwvAwm sssw, m^ssss \sS5Sw 



S\\i\A\s\^W ^s? 



DEALERS IN-r— 



URQGERIES & PROVISIONS, 

Clothing i Soots and Shoes 9 

iifiwif©, hm mi Steel, WapsT Ttafen, Ite, El®* Eto, 
•^fll Goods at Lowest Rates. 

Main Street. - - - IDAHO CITY. 



%m% 



THE IDAHO WORLD, 

(WEEKLY AND SEMI- WEEKLY.) 



n 



• PUBLISHED BY- 



IDAHO CITY, IDAHO TERRITORY. 

Weekly $4.00 per year in the territory ; to subscribers out- 
side of the territory, $3.25 per year. Semi- Weekly, 
$6.50 per year. 

C. E. JONES, Editor. 



ii U Si JS ES8 UIKEUTO ft Y . 



101 




H 



ass 






3 



one? sf intpsry as! Cons/ch! Str:eti Idaho City, 

Mat. (I. Luney, - Proprietor. 



STAGE OFFICE IN THE HOTEL 

ST-A-G-E LEAVES ZD-A-XXj - ^ [FOIK, 

Boise City, Pioneer City, Centerville, 

PLACERV1LLE. 

AND OTHER POINTS. 




xch 



e 





P 



SSv ?■' 









•1 





»> 



And the cosiest place in town. Billy is a master mixologist 

and treats his guests royally with the politest attention, 

and complete satisfaction is guaranteed to all. 

:o: 

Two elegant Billiard Tables of the latest and best manufac- 
ture for the use of customers. 
IDAHO CITY, IDAHO. 



102 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




•xVvJENT FOR— 



HEBCDLES PQWDE 



» 




Jgri 




CAPS, FIRE PROOF BRICK, 

lilnnt!. Tools. Euban 



Iron stud Steel a Stoves, Crocfcery, 

GLASSWARE, LAMPS, AND LAMP FIXTURES, 



TINWaBE, ETC. 



IDAHO CITY, 



IDAHO. 



ISSJKKOwS TSSJSX V Ws^ "SSWS^KSi^SSS^ HH \.\\\\\W.WA^ 






S' BREWERY, 



esps Constantly o Bui Fresh Lager far, 

Best IfcuMcte off Wines, liquors amid Cigars, 

IDAHO CITY, IDAHO. 
— When you are in Idaho City go to — 



I WTOvV«\<KVuS\ «5^^ tow * 



' TOWK6 TOWWTO WTO TOSSSS *^rW^ 



— Where you will find — 
The best brands of Wines, Liquors and Cigars. 

"7T"lJ7rsivnTH7~ 



Shaving, Hair Cutting and Shampooing in the latest style of 
the art. ' IDAHO CITY, IDAHO. 



BUSINESS DIBBCTOKY. 



108 



JOHN H. MYEE, 

Placerville. 



ISIDOK SMITH, 

Idaho City. 



XdWTON^ft TTO^\v» 





(111 



AifipporiPt! 
llMuu(lllui), 



Placerville and Idaho City, Idaho, 



■DEALERS IN- 



DBU8S, MEDICINES, FAINTS, 



Oils, Window Gtass, Notions. 



^ASSAYING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES A SPECIALTY.^ 



■:o:- 



At our store in Placerville will be found a complete line of 

General Merchandise. 



104 



BUSINESS DIKECTOftY. 






mmu 



EK 



»® 




•:o:- 



Fine Saddle Horses and Elegant Turnouts a Specialty. 



-:o: 



Horses Boarded by the day week or month. 

idaho' city, idaho. 



NI 



Keeps a large assortment of Chinese and Japanese G ods and Mining Supplies. 
Lorner Montgomery ami Commeroisl sieet% opposite Luna House. 
IDAHO CITY, 1DAH 



KETCHUM. 

Alturas County. 

Adams A., furniture and lumber. 
Baxter P P., hotel. ; 
Coffin Bros , hardware. 
Cummins Lou Mrs., dressmaker. 
Callahan Geo. S., bakery and chop 

house. 
Hathaway W. D., saloon. 
Hodson G. P , notary public and 
^conveyancer. 
James & Gooding, butchers. 
Jacobs Jerome F., saloon. 
Ketchum Keystone, Bowman & 

Middleton proprietors. 
Lewis G. L., druggist. 
Lockman — . meat morket. 
Miller Ike & Co.. water works. 



and 



Metzler George, livery stable. 
Mitchell Thomas, brewery 

saloon. 
Newman D. L., livery. 
Perkins Susan Mrs., milliner and 

lodging. 
Pinkham & Lewis, gen. mdse. 
Richie J. B., dentist. 
Rivers J. L., blacksmith. 
Roberts Lewis, saloon. 
Robinson L. B., flour, grain and tea. 
Russell L. H., blacksmith. 
Stewart H. F. & Co., druggists and 

stationers. 
Steele D., blacksmith. 
Taylor & Hastings, assayers. 
Uhl Adams, shoemaker. 
Wait Allie F. Mrs., lodging. 
Williams E. B., posmaster. 
West R. C, restaurant. 









TOvTOSw $55^ vrtroft^ BS«S SvKwxcf TrvTTOxi »jR 





7th and Main Streets, KETCHUM, ] 



■:o: 



In Wagon Making, Repairing, horse and ox slioeing cannot be 
beat. Give me a call and be convinced. 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 105 



BlITEH'S HOTEL, 



PAUL P. BAXTER, Propr. 

(Next Door to First National Bank.) 

KETCHUM, IDAHO. 



My house is always open to the traveling public and only 
needs a trial to recommend itself. 



Every accommodation found in a iirst-class house is found in 

the Baxter Hotel, and the fame of the house rests 

solelv on its merits. 



Are always supplied with all of the substantial and delicacies 

of the season 



tbe mmmm 

Are all that could be desired by the most luxurious devotee 

of ease. 



My terms are reasonable and satisfaction is guaranteed. Thank- 
ing the public for the very liberal patronage of the 
past, my aim shall be to deserve the same 
in the future. 

PAUL P. BAXTER. 



106 BUSINESS DraEOTOKT. 



Eetchum Market. 

MAIN STREET, KETCHUM, IDAHO. 

JACOB P. LOCKMAN & CO., PROPRIETORS. 

Keep Constantly on hand a full Assortment 



FRESH BEEF, MUTTON", PORK, 

YEAL, and SAUSAGE. 

All orders promptly filled at the lowest cash price. 



Cornucopia Bakery, 



n 



~cr 



■p 



m, 



CEO- S. CALLAIHAN, Proprietor- 

MAIN STREET, (Opposite Postoffice,) KETCHUM, IDA. 



-:o:- 



Game, Oysters. Fish, Etc, in season. THE T4AKERY is constantly supplied with 

a fine sssor'ment of Fresh Bread and Pastry, a«d will deliver the same 

to any part of the City. r?-Wedding Cakes and Fine Pastry turned 

out with especial attention. Fine Wines and Cigars on order. 

Private dining rooms for families. 

&5-OS»&H k DAY JBkWm HI©H:f 5 «r2 

--— ■ ! ■ ■ ! I ll !■■ I I ■! ■!■ Illl ■ ■■! ■ I I — I ■ I ■ IIIMIW ■■■!■ I II !■■ Ill I ■! I 1 1 "1 l" - 

Jt(/$ £m 0unmin&p 

■Fastoialils Dteuite and Hi 



MRS. CUMMINS 

Makes a specialty of Cutting and Fitting and has the latest 

instructions in that line from the great Emporiums 

of Fashion. 

Corner 7th and Main Streets, - KETCHUM, IDAHO. 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



107 



And Dealer in 

Laces, Neck— ear, Embroideries. Feathers, Flowers Trimmings, etc., etc., etc. 

Corner Fourth & MaiaS- reets, - - KKTOUUM, IDAHO. 

£3=LODGrNG IN CONNECTION. 

£. m* WtQBIWSQM. 

Dealer in 



GROCERIES, PROVISIONS^FLQUR AND FEED. 

Full line of Fancv Family Groceries. 1 makp a specialty of a line of Choice Teas 
Orders from the mines promptly filled. KETCHUM, IDAHO. 



(Undei Metropolitan Hail.) 

Jerome F. Jacobs, Propt. 

Always on hand a select stock of Wines. Whiskies, Ales, Porters, Imported and 

Domestic Cigars . 

B'lliard and Pool Tables. The Cosiest place in town. 



riorieef Slk6k^rqitl\ $l\op. 

.DAVID STEEL, PROPRIETOR. 

Horse and Ox Shoeing and General Blaeksmithing. All 
work Guaranteed. Main Street next to Baxter's Hotel. 



r: 



W. D. HATHAWAY, Proprietor. 

Keeps constantly on hand 







yp sainlr: 



taiitigjspf 



j« /»-i 






] f 



-:o — 



The very best brands alone are kept, and the public is assured 

that they can get no second-class goods at 

Mr. Hath a way's. 

— Also in connection with the house a set of perfect — 

Billiard and Poo! Tables. 

MAIN STREET, KETCHUM. 



108 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



GEO. W,. BODSOZI, 

NOTARY PUBLIC AND CONVEYANCER,^ 

MAIN STREET, KETOHUM, IDAHO. 



ffcc Hillis I 



'®< 



-PROPRIETORS OF THE- 



KETCHUP WATER WORKS, 

Water at lowest rates. KETCHUM, IDAHO. 



Hitfl« 



: : illllO; 



EfcU 



>® 



MRS. ALLIE WAIT, Proprietor. 



Beds can be had at all ours at prices ranging from 50c to $1 
3rd Street, .... 



KETCHUM, IDAHO. 



KUNA. 



Ada County. 

Kimball & Kurtz, forwarding and 

commission, 
Nourse Frank A., forwarding and 

commission. 
Roach Amos, boarding and saloon, 



MIDDLETON. 

Ada County. 
Hasbrouck Sol, gen. mdse. 
Lemp John, saloon. 
Masterson Dan, blacksmith. 
Mott Victoria Mrs., boarding. 



;A2IOS EOACH, Proprietor, 



to:- 



Winws, Liquors and Cigars of the best quality. Only one minutes walk from the 

depot. Drop iu Kuna, idah©. 

©okfdrqgj knd I^od^ii^ Sou$e. 



•:0:- 



Best attention given to the traveling public. 
AMOS ROACH, Proprietor. KTOA, IDAHO. 



ii V SIN USS DLXKCLX m V . 



109 



MOUNTAIN HOME. 



Alturas County. 

Bearby Mrs , physician and drugs. 

Burns Robert, butcher. 

< ope J P.. proprietor stage line. 

Edson O.J, druggist 

Fisher J 0., blacksmith. 

Gomez Manual S , livery stable 

Hagar J. M ., postmaster and stage 

agent. 
Helfrich & Miller, gen. mdse 



Hungerford Z. N., livery and feed 

stable 
Miller & < o , blacksmith. 
Range & Valley. A.. Abbott editor. 
Rikewinl Gus. saloon. 
Scranton J. G., agent Oregon Short 

Line Railroad and telegraph 

operator. 
Thompson J D , saloou. 
Turner vv. J, proprietor Turner 

House. 
Walker DC. carpenter. 



O. T. EDSOIT, 1^£. 3D., 

DEALER IN 



BKUGS, PATEITMEMCIIES, PAINTS, OHLf 

Glass, Put f y, Book-», Stationery and Blank Pooks. 
MoUNl'AIN ROV1K, ID \"0. 




Horses boarded by the day, week or month. Fine saddle 
Horses and srood Turnouts always on hand. 
MOUNTAIN HOME, IDAHO 



LIVERY MO F 



i tlDkak, 



M. S. GOMES, Proprietor. 



Fine Turnouts and Saddle Horses to be hired at all hours, 

day or night. 



Hurses boarded at reasonable rates. 
MOUNTAIN HOME. IDAHO. 



110 BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



PAYETTE. 

Ada County. 

Coughanour W. A. & Co., saw-mill. 

Dempsey& vvood, saloon. 

DeLano F. B., physician. 

Lainme D. S , gen mdse. 

Moss Bros . gen. mdse. 

Reed — , hotel. 

Ridenbaugh & Rossi, saw-mill. 



W.8. Cou^kqotif & Co. 

PAYETTE, IDAHO, 

— DKaLEKS in— 

Flooring, Ceiling, Rustic, Common and Surfaced Lumber 

including Laths, Shingles, Split Siding, Mou' dings. 

Fancy Door and Window Casing, Etc. 








-DEALER IN 



GROCERIES, DRY iiQQDS, 

M$W8* €$&§* gQQTS. §w@ms* 

Farming Implements, Wagons and Machinery. 

HARDWARE, STOVES AND IRON. 

Farm produce taken in exchange or for cash. 
PAYETTE, IDAHO. 

UlL,JLlwMRD M^IJLJL and S.1JLOO.V. 

DE31PSKY &l WOOD, Propr, 

A cosy retreat, and gentlemanly attendance given to our 

customers. 

PAYETTE, IBAHQ, 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



Ill 






if, 



9 



^n-^sioi-^isr -a.£t:d stt^CtEO^t, 



Office at Residence. 



PAY ETTE, IDAHO. 



PLACERVILLE. 



Boise County 
< athcart Martin, boots and shoes. 
Dougherty & Blaekman, black- 
smiths. 



Kohny Charles, brewer. 
vIcDevitt James, butcher. 
Rothwell vv . J , physician. 
Steckel Mrs. M., hotel. 
Veasey John, saloon* 



1 






lli« 



DEALER IN 



vwwvVWvV wnwvs 



Liiiss'pMsas'pWiKiiltas'pksiiite, 

All sizea. and Buckingham Manufacture Also Gum Boots for miners Highest 

price paid lor Hideo and Fnrs. Custom Work and Kepairing done on short 

n^iice. A larg* stock of Leather and Shoe Findings which I can 

sell to shoemakers at bottom price*. « ive me a 

call befoie purchasing. 

PLACERVILLE. IDAHO. 

INTERNATIONAL HOTEL. 

PLACERVILLE. 



JfTrs. JtT. STECKEL,, Proprietor, 



The tables will be supplied with the best the market affords, 

and the hotel will be run in first-class style in 

every respect. Eoard and lodging at 

REASONABLE RATES. 



112 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



W. J. ROTHWELL, M. D. 

Graduate Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. Cilice on upper end of Granite 
Sr^et. Piacervllle, Bdse county, I. T. 

Boise Brewery, 

CHAELES KOHNY, Proprietor. 

Best Wines, Liquors and Cigars. Beer by the glass, quart or 
Keg. North Granite Street. PLACERVILLE, IDAHO. 

jDauffhetty A* lilackinan m 

GENERAL BLACKSMITHS, 

Horse shoeing and repairing a specially. All kinds of Miner's work done with 
dispatch PLACERVILLE. I OAK". 






SJS WJRSSSS \\V,V\\\Y\VW ^sSS 1 wwwwwvS WSKSS4 






H AWil 






PI £ m@E ( RYm&E* I&&W&. 



•:o:- 



A largo and commodious building suitable for exhibitions, theatrical companies, 

ball , etc., etc. . etc 

•John J^rasey, Prop 'ietor 9 

vf r. Veasey keep^ *lso a choice stock of Wines, Liquors and Cigars, where the 
inner man can be refreshed with the most deLghtlul beverages. 






PR W 
irk 



,« 



\VaW\\\\*^vJ» W\\\\\,\!*k ^SSSSi ^wWW 



-DEALER IN- 




r and Flums Link 



For general raining use. Mills and yards 3 miles from Plac- 
erville on the Harris Road. 






ife^ll 



Vm.V\VW wC\\WSWi\ WV 



^wW «WWK 



:r«V\^\\\\ 



i WK\W» flK\\\\w r^ , . ; . tc:y,<ot« "WW** S 



JAMES McDEYITT, Prop. 

DEALER IN 

BEEF, MUTTON, POEK, BACON. HAMS AND LABD, 
PLACERVILLE, IDAHO. 



HLBINEtiS DIKJlCTukY. 



118 



QUARTSBURG. 



Bo/se County. 
Bullock William Mrs., boarding. 
Daly O. J., saloon. 
Hiatt vv.F., saw-mill. 
House of Blazes, ("the boys ".) 
Walsh Patrick, saloon. 



n 




u 



S 1 



2 





:o:- 



Free and Easy, Open at all Hours. 

f SCROFT, 1 

BRAY, 

CROSSON. f 
L MONROE, j 

Quartzburg, ----- Idaho 

All hail! Thou house of ancient mein. 

Ill ever sing thy glorious praises, 
Thou'rt loved forever when once seen, 

Thou free and easy, House of Blazes 

Thy face, perhaps, is not so fair 

As blushing rose or starry daisies. 
But welcome ever waits you there. 

Within the roomy Halls of Blazes, 

There screams of laughter long and loud 

The very roof it cracks or raises. 
The boys are there in jovial crowd. 

Safe sheltered by the House of Blazes. 

Then when I come to cash my chips. 

My toes turned upward, to the daisies, 
1 wan't the boys to hold a wake 

Within the ancient Walls of Blazes. 



0. J. Dai 



m 



iS-^-XjOozfcT,: 



The Favorite Rescrt for all Miners. 
QUARTZBURG, IDAHO 



114 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



QUARTZ BURG, - IDAHO. 

PATRICK WALSH, Propr, 

Dealer in Wines, Liquors and Cigars of the best brands and 
beer of home manufacture. 






r 



MRS. WM BULLOCK, Proprietor. 

Board and Lodging at reasonable rates. Call and try my 
house at Quartzburg, Idaho. 



SALUBRIA. 



Washington County. 

Allison '* illiam. stage line prop 'r of. 
Bain & Fuchs. gen. mdse. 



Cuddy John, flour mill. 

Lare D, gen. mdse. 

Ledington E., blacksmith. 

Rhea & Moore, feed and sale stable. 

York E. E. Mrs., boarding. 



m. 



mmm 



oms 



Am 




—DEALERS IN— 






SALUBRIA, IDAHO. 

Dry Goods. Groceries, Boots and Shoes, Miners' Supplies, Picks and Shovels, 
and in fact everything usually kept in a first-class sfore. All of which will 

be sold cheap for cash . 






mm 






im 



MRS. E. E. YORK, Prooretor. 



Meals for transient guests at all hours. Special rates by the week or month. 

SALUBRIA, IDAHO. 



E. JEWEL, 



-DEALER 1NT- 



Fine Horses, Cattle and Hogs* 



Address, SALUBRIA, IDAH > 



BUSINESS DIKECToKY, 



115 



<WVaWT ^W 



i§ 



& X ^\K» ^\\V\\ W **W^v U,\X,v;\* ' '^Ti'V TTTTv *V« *w> 



BLACKSMITHING AJS T D REPAIRING IN WOOD 

or Iron. Hurse shoeing a specialty. 
SALLTBPJ A, IDAHO. 

Weiser, Salubria & Indian Valley 






■ws^si •$«&"? 




WII*M$M &l*MSQ$P* Peqpeietqe. 



iAwt 



s 



DEALER IN 

GENERAL MERCHANDISE, GROCERIES, TOBACCO, BOOTS, 

Shoes, Canned Goo ^s etc. Farm Prorl nee in Exchange. 

SALUBRIA. IDAHO. 



!tl*^ii!*§j5M 



IM 






JOHN CUDDY, Proprietor. 

^FLOUK. B¥ WHOLESALE ©K RETAIL^ 

AT THE BK1X.&*. 

:o: 

Bran, Shorts and Chop Feed etc 

SALUBRIA, IDAHO. 
RI1E.1 X .1IO ORE. 

Feed and Sale Stable. 

Hay and Grain for Sale. SALUBRIA, IDAHO. 



116 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



SHOSHONE. 



Alturas County. 
Davison & Huff, groceries 
Dewey House, Anderson & Flowers 

prop'r. 
Falls House, Spencer prop'r. 
Haskins A. L., blacksmith. 



Hoffman, Fred L, furniture and 

crockery. 
McCrum C. K., druggist. 
McLaughlin, attorney at law. 
McMahon Thos. L, confectioner. 
Roberts A. B. Shoshone marble 

works. 
Senter A. S. gen. mdse. 
Shoshone Journal, W. C. B. Allen 

prop'r. 



Qtu&y. <9L ?McQ*i*m 



iiilii 



ojL&M 



vOIST. 

Hislti Is 



mmmmm: 



:o:- 



SHOSHONE. IDAHO 



cLaughlin, 

ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW 

AND REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE AGENT. 



-:o: 



Office in Bank building, Shoshone, Idaho. References :- 
Bank of Shoshone. L. S. Stevens and A. S. Senter. 



Wkak 



M 



•mm 



9 



DEALER IN 

FRUITS. VEGETABLES, CONFECTIONERY, 

AND CIGARS. SHOSHONE, IDAHO. 

FRED L HOFFMAN, 

DEALER IN 

Furniture, Crockery, fawns, Amtti 

All AXBtURA Will, OABFIH. Sit CURB, 

CHANDELIERS, LAMPS AND LAMP FIXTURES. 

RAIL STREET, SHOSHONE, lDAHO„ 



.BUS1.NE&SJ DIRECTORY. 



117 



otw.v Vk^ -«w(^ mwss »TOW» TOW> TO ^55^ 1 



\fHbi 



HORSE SHOEING AND REPAIRING A SPECILTY, 

SHOSHONE, IDAHO. 

Hair Cutting, Shaving and Shampooing. 

SHOSHONE, IDA Ho. 



PROPRIETOR OF THE 



And owner of the Celebrated Idaho Marble Quaries, Tombstones, Mantels, etc., etc. 
' SHOSHONE, IDAHO. 



STAR. 

Ada County. 
Butler Joseph, blacksmith. 
Gray S. S., gen. mdse. 



VIENNA. 

Alturas County. 

Castro W. E., saloon. 

Cooper Wm , hotel and saloon. 



9 



SILAS m m %» 

DEALER is 

^General Merchandise. Overalls, Jumpers^ 

STAR POST OFFICE, .-----. Ada County, Idaho Territory. 




118 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



WEISER. 

Washington County, 

Adams G. W , atty at law. 

Barnes E. W., physician. 

Bamberger & Frank, gen. mdse. 

Cope S. B., livery, feed and sale 
stable. 

Glenn & Harris, real estate and col- 
lection. 

Gray & Dalton. saloon. 

Grab Conrad, saloon. 

Harvey O. M & Co.. druggists. 



Haas B., tin and hardware. 

Haas H., gen. mdse. 

Harris Frank, atty. at law. 

Howard Sebree & Co., gen. mdse. 

Mitchell & Son atty's. at law. 

Perrault, Watlington & Co., hard- 
ware and saddlery. 

Simondi A. L . furniture. 

Utley E. E., probate judge. 

Walker C. vv; livery and trans, line 

Weatherford R., hotel. 

Weiser Leader, W. P. Glenn editor 
and prop'r. 

Washington County bank. 



A- Is. StMaNBI 

— DBALKK IN— 



FURNITURE, WALL PAPER, SASH & D30RS, 

CARPETS AM) HOUSE DENOTATIONS. 
WEISER, IDAHO. 



IC 



Clothing- Boots and Shoes, Hats and Caps, Groceries. 



-:o- 



WEISER, IDAHO, and BAKER CITY, OREGON. 




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IE 1 IB 



vwwm m\v\\m ;, wwNw 



If 



S. B. COPE, Proprietor 






First class in every respect. The best Tarn oats, or Saddle 

Stock furnished on demand. I buy hay and grain for 

cash, and will feed stock by the day or week, at the 

lowest living rates. Special accommodations for 

fine stock. Free corral and wagon yard. 



II 



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WEISER, IDAHO. 



BDSl^ESS DlKHUi'oKV. 



11* 



O. M 



at co., 




f ASCY 60QDS, f Sttlf ABtRLB, 8PQIU3, 

Brushes, Perfumery, &c. Choice Tohaeco and Cigars. 
WEISER. IDAHO. 




£1£M 



mvKSSNW, SKC-WKvK* v»VM\\Mi 



Stoves, Tin, Mimo, Cook Stoves, 

HEATING STOVES, TINWARE 

Of all descriptions, and everything that may be required in 
our line at reasonable rates. 
WEISER CITY, IDAHO. 



-DEALER IN- 



laitf fi®®Ii f ilttllij 

BOOTS $N® SMOMS* FINE M&W&. 

Carry a Large and well selected stock of — 

Groceries, Crockery and Hardware. 

WEISER, IDAHO. 



PALAOI SALOON, 

CONRAD GRAB, Proprietor. 

WINES, LIQUORS & CIGARS, 

Grab's Celebrated Beer always on draught. A fine Billiard 
table for the use of Customers. 
WEISER, IDAHO. 



120 BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



A. C, MITCHELL. W. M. MITCHELL. 




-^.ttoxxxe^s - sit - XjSitxt - , 

NOTARY PUBLIC. 

For Washington county Idaho Territory. Collecting and 

Conveyancing a specialty. Farms for Sale aud 

Money to Loan, Weiser, Idaho. 

DAJLTOI & (&KAY 

OF THE — 

mmwm salooit. 

Are prepared to m^et their friends a' the old f land at Weiser, Idaho, and furnish 
the best Liquid Refreshments for 125£ cents per drink. 

THE WEISER LEADER. 



PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY. 



WM. P. GLENN. - - Editor and Propr. 

SUBSCRIPTION RATES: 

One copy one year, in advance, .... $3.00 

One copy six months, ------ 2.00 

One copy three months, ------ i # 00 

Single copies, - - - - - - - 10 

Advertising rates made known on application to the office^ 
Address, LEADER, Weiser, Washington county, Idaho. 

Gr, W. Adams', 

.^.ttoxxxe3r-sit-X-iSiTX7% 

WEISER, IDAHO. 

E. VTIjEIP, 
PROBATE JTOGUE, 

WEISER, WASHINGTON COUNTY, IDAHO. 




B U ttlJN EriS D1KEOTOK V 



«* 



121 





Real Estate, Ci:tim and Insurance Agsnts. 



■:o:- 



Abstracts of Title, Deeds and all Branches of Conveyancing 
done with neatness and accuracy. 






d-eORRESFQNBENCE @Ql*IOIXBSa.=l3 



WEISER, IDAHO. 











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